Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key question posed by Liberalism regarding international relations?
What is a key question posed by Liberalism regarding international relations?
- What role does nationalism play in state conflict?
- Under what conditions can states coexist peacefully? (correct)
- How can states best manage their military alliances?
- Which states are most likely to initiate warfare?
In the context of Liberalism, what is the significance of international regimes?
In the context of Liberalism, what is the significance of international regimes?
- They help unify conflicting interests through a set of shared rules and norms. (correct)
- They operate independently of state interests and goals.
- They solely focus on military alliances between states.
- They establish strict protocols that limit state's autonomy.
What main factor does Liberalism argue contributes the most to global peace?
What main factor does Liberalism argue contributes the most to global peace?
- Increased military expenditure.
- Free trade among states and individuals. (correct)
- National sovereignty above all.
- Isolationism of states.
Which of the following best describes the Liberal perspective on human nature?
Which of the following best describes the Liberal perspective on human nature?
How does Liberalism propose to address the security dilemma among states?
How does Liberalism propose to address the security dilemma among states?
What is viewed as the relationship between the individual and the group in Liberalism?
What is viewed as the relationship between the individual and the group in Liberalism?
In which way does Liberalism differ from Realism regarding the analysis of actors?
In which way does Liberalism differ from Realism regarding the analysis of actors?
What does Liberalism propose about managing the interstate arms race?
What does Liberalism propose about managing the interstate arms race?
What do poststructuralists primarily seek to challenge in the context of accepted beliefs?
What do poststructuralists primarily seek to challenge in the context of accepted beliefs?
How does poststructuralism view the role of knowledge in society?
How does poststructuralism view the role of knowledge in society?
What mechanism do poststructuralists identify as crucial for establishing accepted truths?
What mechanism do poststructuralists identify as crucial for establishing accepted truths?
What characterizes the strength of dominant discourses according to poststructuralism?
What characterizes the strength of dominant discourses according to poststructuralism?
What concept illustrates the differing levels of sympathy for victims in various conflicts?
What concept illustrates the differing levels of sympathy for victims in various conflicts?
Which events exemplify the concept of hierarchical grief as discussed by poststructuralists?
Which events exemplify the concept of hierarchical grief as discussed by poststructuralists?
What is one of the suggested first steps to address problems in international relations according to poststructuralism?
What is one of the suggested first steps to address problems in international relations according to poststructuralism?
Which action is NOT part of the poststructuralist approach to problem-solving?
Which action is NOT part of the poststructuralist approach to problem-solving?
How do poststructuralists perceive the relationship between discourse and truth?
How do poststructuralists perceive the relationship between discourse and truth?
What is a potential consequence of adhering strictly to dominant discourses?
What is a potential consequence of adhering strictly to dominant discourses?
What principle does the regime of collective security embody?
What principle does the regime of collective security embody?
Which of the following is guaranteed to non-nuclear weapons states as per the Non-Proliferation Treaty?
Which of the following is guaranteed to non-nuclear weapons states as per the Non-Proliferation Treaty?
In contrast to Realism, Neo-liberalism suggests that cooperation is possible due to what?
In contrast to Realism, Neo-liberalism suggests that cooperation is possible due to what?
What does absolute gain refer to in the context of Neo-liberalism?
What does absolute gain refer to in the context of Neo-liberalism?
Which group primarily creates and maintains international regimes according to Neo-liberalism?
Which group primarily creates and maintains international regimes according to Neo-liberalism?
What happens to international regimes when a hegemon loses its position, according to Neo-liberalism?
What happens to international regimes when a hegemon loses its position, according to Neo-liberalism?
Which form of gain emphasizes the importance of a state's position relative to others?
Which form of gain emphasizes the importance of a state's position relative to others?
What approach does the Non-Proliferation Treaty mandate from nuclear weapon states?
What approach does the Non-Proliferation Treaty mandate from nuclear weapon states?
Which of the following statements best reflects the main theme of collective security?
Which of the following statements best reflects the main theme of collective security?
In the context of Neo-liberalism, what is a primary characteristic of the anarchic international system?
In the context of Neo-liberalism, what is a primary characteristic of the anarchic international system?
What is the primary focus of Neo-Functionalism in the context of state cooperation?
What is the primary focus of Neo-Functionalism in the context of state cooperation?
According to Constructivism, what role does identity play in shaping states' interests?
According to Constructivism, what role does identity play in shaping states' interests?
What does the theory of Functionalism suggest about incremental success in cooperation?
What does the theory of Functionalism suggest about incremental success in cooperation?
In the context of Constructivism, how do actors utilize language?
In the context of Constructivism, how do actors utilize language?
What does positive identification with the 'Other' signify in terms of interest perception?
What does positive identification with the 'Other' signify in terms of interest perception?
What does Neo-Liberalism suggest about state cooperation?
What does Neo-Liberalism suggest about state cooperation?
Which version of the Democratic Peace Theory states democracies tend to be more peaceful than non-democracies?
Which version of the Democratic Peace Theory states democracies tend to be more peaceful than non-democracies?
What level of analysis is associated with managing the arms race and promoting disarmament among states?
What level of analysis is associated with managing the arms race and promoting disarmament among states?
Which of the following is NOT a way to promote peace according to the content?
Which of the following is NOT a way to promote peace according to the content?
What does functionalism seek to address in international relations?
What does functionalism seek to address in international relations?
What assumption does Neo-Liberalism reject regarding enforcement of compliance?
What assumption does Neo-Liberalism reject regarding enforcement of compliance?
Which level focuses on reducing leaders' misperceptions in peace processes?
Which level focuses on reducing leaders' misperceptions in peace processes?
In which scenario are states expected to continue cooperating despite the rise of a new power like China?
In which scenario are states expected to continue cooperating despite the rise of a new power like China?
What is a primary benefit of international regimes for states?
What is a primary benefit of international regimes for states?
Which approach seeks to enhance cooperation among states that have had historical conflicts?
Which approach seeks to enhance cooperation among states that have had historical conflicts?
Study Notes
Liberalism
- The main question of Liberalism: Why do wars happen? How can we avoid security dilemma and Prisoner’s dilemma?
- The good nature of human beings: Cooperation and harmony are possible
- The good of the individual is linked to the good of the group: Collective benefit
- Key actors in Liberalism: States, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, individuals
- Global Level (Liberalism) : Free Trade among states, individuals, and multinational corporations make the world more peaceful.
- Interstate Level (Liberalism): Increase dependence and integration among states; Manage arms race and disarmament; No secret treaties; International regimes and institutions.
- State/Domestic Level (Liberalism): Better governments; Democratic Peace Theory
- Individual Level (Liberalism): Reducing leaders’ misperception and misunderstanding by working on ways of communication.
International Regimes
- International Regimes are sets of principles, rules, norms, and procedures
- International regimes are like used car dealerships: Bringing different parties together with conflicting interests to reach an agreement
Poststructuralism
- Poststructuralism questions how certain accepted ‘facts’ and ‘beliefs’ reinforce the dominance and power of particular actors.
- Poststructuralists argue that ‘knowledge’ is accepted as such due to the power and prominence of certain actors in society.
- Discourse (communications) is used to manipulate information into unquestionable truth
- Dominant discourses shut out other options, making it difficult to think outside those realms.
- Poststructuralists say the first step to solving international relations problems is to deconstruct what we know about those problems: reevaluate facts, recognize silenced discourses, find solutions.
Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime
- States without nuclear weapons as of 1967 agree not to acquire them.
- Non-nuclear states are guaranteed access to civilian nuclear technology and energy development.
- Nuclear weapon states agree to not assist other states in acquiring nuclear weapons and to move toward disarmament.
Neo-Liberalism
- The international system is anarchic.
- States are the main actors.
- Cooperation is still possible through international regimes.
Neo-Liberalism vs Realism
- States care more about absolute gains rather than relative gains: benefits for everyone, not just relative to other states.
- Great powers, particularly the hegemon, create, maintain, and uphold international regimes and norms.
- International regimes transform during hegemon transitions, but do not disappear.
Functionalism
- Technical problems facing societies require solutions, including those involving other countries.
- Addressing technical, non-political problems fosters cooperation between states.
- Success in small steps demonstrates the benefits of cooperation, leading to more collaboration.
- Gradual movement from small-scale cooperation to larger initiatives.
Constructivism
- Actors with agency (ability to choose) shape the world.
- The world is constructed via interactions and language where both ideational and material factors are important.
- Actors can build a conflictual world or a cooperative world.
- Change is possible, but usually does not happen quickly.
Self vs Other
- The identity of the Self is developed through interactions with the Other.
- Negative identification: Seeing the Other as a threat.
- Positive identification: Seeing the Other's interest as our own.
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Description
Explore the core principles of Liberalism in international relations, including the nature of human cooperation and the roles of various actors such as states and NGOs. Understand how these principles apply to global trade, arms management, and the Democrat Peace Theory at multiple levels of analysis.
