Liberal Descriptive Theories: Quiz 1

Theories analyzing police practices using empirical evidence.

Political and economic theory emphasizing law and equality.

Theories grounded in empirical evidence rather than abstract reasoning.

Framework assuming police use force to maintain social order.

The threats or criminal activities that policing seeks to protect against.

Legal authority granted to police to use force when necessary.

Police should use only as much force as necessary to achieve objectives.

Expectation for police to act immediately in violent or disturbing situations.

The police are the public; the public are the police, stressing the need for public approval for effective policing.

A colonial policing model where the public are separate from the police, emphasizing law establishment over enforcement.

Fighting crime is a small part of policing; it's often justified after decisions are made.

Law serves to legitimize decisions made for maintaining order, not just enforcing rules.

The idea that police keep everyone safe is false; the public is defined and selective.

A situation where police and government overlap excessively, leading to oppressive control; we do not live in such a state.

Routine order maintenance involving everyday tasks like responding to calls and patrolling neighborhoods.

Political policing focused on state integrity and identifying threats through intelligence and covert operations.

Use of tools like Canvas and AI for monitoring student compliance in exams and attendance.

Rules governing deadlines, credits, and prerequisites to manage student progress.

Resources like tuition fees and scholarships that influence student access and commitment to education.

Policies for academic integrity and conduct that regulate student behavior.

Promotional strategies that create student identity tied to school pride and success.

Methods like internships and networking that shift student views from learners to future workers.

Actions like protests and activism aimed at challenging university policies and decisions.

Using driving tests and traffic regulations to determine qualified drivers and proper behavior.

Laws that criminalized mobility and presence without employment.

Vagrancy laws targeted individuals without financial support.

Laws were often enforced based on subjective judgment.

Authorities relied on appearance to identify vagrants.

Some vagrancy laws targeted individuals based on visible traits.

The term 'vagrant' could apply to various groups at officials' discretion.

Vagrancy laws were often justified as serving the public’s interest.

City officials like magistrates enforced vagrancy laws.

Authorities enforce regulations in specific areas to manage sex work activities, pushing workers to less visible zones.

Transitional living spaces for individuals leaving prisons or institutions, often with movement restrictions.

Rules that restrict the movement of parolees, especially near specific public spaces to prevent reoffending.

The governance of movement and behavior through physical space, impacting individuals like sex workers and parolees.

Concept that legal governing tools and the logic of rights cannot be compared or measured by the same standards.

Illiberal and discretionary authority exercised by law enforcement, differing from clearly defined rights.

Rights are liberal and defined, while governance through space is illiberal, ad hoc, and discretionary.

Different perspectives in governance; urban management contrasts with state-level authority.

A penalty that prohibits an individual from entering a specific area, often without arrest.

A lack of requirement for additional evidence once a sanction is issued, indicating a violation.

The blending of civil and criminal law to address offenses, creating new types of crimes.

Warnings issued by police, authorized by property owners, banning individuals from specific properties.

Being on property without permission, without needing to prove criminal intent.

Small public green spaces used to discourage certain activities in urban areas.

The management of public spaces to control behaviors, especially in designated areas.

Minor offenses that disrupt societal norms and are often addressed through civil law.