L'expérience de l'art et le sensible

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Questions and Answers

Comment Baumgarten redéfinit-il la vérité selon le contenu?

Comme un concept moral universel.

Comme une vérité apparente pour le sujet. (correct)

Comme une réalité objective mesurable.

Comme une satisfaction personnelle.

Quelle est la caractéristique fondamentale du jugement de goût par rapport au jugement du bon?

Il est lié à des motivations utilitaires.

Il repose sur des connaissances et des concepts.

Il existe un concept clair du beau.

Il est contemplatif et désintéressé. (correct)

Quelle est la finalité des beaux-arts selon le contenu?

Accompagner les représentations en tant que modes de connaissance. (correct)

Offrir un plaisir purement personnel.

Apporter une satisfaction immédiate aux sens.

Stimuler la conversation et les interactions sociales.

Quelle relation est établie entre l'agréable et la satisfaction?

La satisfaction liée à l'agréable est non réfléchie. Signup and view all the answers

Quelle mention est correcte concernant la satisfaction esthétique?

Elle est considérée comme désintéressée et libre. Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principe fondamental de l'universalité subjective dans le jugement esthétique?

La satisfaction désintéressée transcende les conditions personnelles. Signup and view all the answers

Comment Kant voit-il la relation entre sentiment et jugement esthétique?

Il résout leur opposition en considérant l'autonomie du sujet. Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principal obstacle à la démonstration rationnelle du beau, selon le contenu?

L'absence d'un concept de beauté empêche une démonstration rationnelle. Signup and view all the answers

Quel rôle joue le spectateur dans l'esthétique kantienne?

Il devient l'arbitre final du jugement esthétique. Signup and view all the answers

Quelle caractéristique distingue le goût esthétique du goût sensoriel?

Le goût esthétique implique une réflexion et un jugement personnels. Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est la différence clé que Baumgarten établit entre les NOÊTA et les AISTHÈTA ?

Les NOÊTA sont basés sur le raisonnement, tandis que les AISTHÈTA sont basés sur les sens. Signup and view all the answers

Comment Baumgarten définit-il la clarté confuse ?

Une connaissance intuitive ayant une valeur poétique distincte. Signup and view all the answers

Quelles sont les deux types de clarté selon la pensée abordée ?

Clarté distincte et clarté confuse. Signup and view all the answers

Quelle conséquence découle de la réhabilitation de la sphère sensible selon les idées développées ?

La beauté et la vérité sont perçues comme égales et subjectives. Signup and view all the answers

Selon Baumgarten, quel est le statut de notre perception du monde ?

Elle est toujours influencée par notre goût personnel. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

B/ L'expérience de l'art, le partage du sensible

Charles Batteux (1713-1780): Argued that taste is the judge of all fine arts, and that reason forms its rules based on taste. Rules are seen as consequences of imitation. Emphasized the importance of "je-ne-sais-quoi," a subjective feeling/sense not easily defined. This feeling is known only through its effects.
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762): Proposed a distinction between "Noeata" (facts of intellect) and "Aistheta" (facts of sensibility). Sensible knowledge is a form of "confused knowledge," less precise than rational knowledge, but equally valid. Sensibility is seen as a parallel way of knowing alongside reason, providing a different kind of clarity (confusing) compared to precise rational clarity. Confusion is important-it is a way of knowing
Clarté vs Obscurité: Baumgarten distinguished between distinct/intellectual clarity and confused/sensible clarity, opposing it to the obscurity of knowledge void. Confused clarity is a source of knowledge, notably in the arts.

Implications

Truth and Beauty: Located in the mind, not the object itself. Perception is subjective and limited. Apparent truth is the highest we can reach.
Consequences: Re-evaluating the importance of the sensible sphere, subjective nature of perception. Truth is considered as resemblance – appearance.

1/ Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804): Critique of the faculty of judging (1790)

Faculty of Judgment: The ability to judge something as beautiful or ugly.
Three relations to pleasure:
- Agreeable: Subjective, individual satisfaction; not reflective.
- Good: Approvable based on a concept.
- Beautiful: Free and disinterested pleasure-linked to a concept.
Fine Art: Viewed as a means of knowledge, not just sensory pleasure; a way to have knowledge. Pleasure has to be the purpose.
Agreeable vs. Fine Art: Agreeable art aims to satisfy our senses without deeper reflection. Fine art involves a broader process related to understanding and/or contemplation of the object..
Differences between “agreeable” and “beautiful”: Beautiful satisfaction does not depend on personal interests, but the good has a concept related to it.

Subjectivity vs Universality

Aesthetic judgment: Subjective in its origin but claims universal validity. The sentiment is accessible to all; the claim to shared "feeling/sensibility" is central .
Paradox: Judgment can be both subjective and universally valid.

2/ John Dewey, Art as Experience

Pragmatism: Focuses on the practical and experience-based aspects of art.
Art as Experience: Stresses the importance of the interaction between art and the individual experience.
Experience as a process: Art is a process not a fixed thing.
Essential aspects of experience: It is a process; it flows from the beginning to the end; it is a unity. It has a distinctive character within itself; it is not just a sequence in which things occur.

Return to Kant

Political Hypothesis: All people have a common understanding of aesthetics. This involves the idea that the aesthetic experience is something everyone shares.
Bourdieu - Social/Cultural Capital: Cultural capital is acquired through social interactions and education, and it influences our understanding and preferences.
Philosophical Questions: Why do some people have more "taste" than others? How does culture shape our aesthetic judgments?

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Description

Ce quiz explore les théories de Charles Batteux et Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten sur la sensibilité et l'art. Il met en lumière la distinction entre la clarté intellectuelle et la clarté sensible. Testez vos connaissances sur ces concepts fondamentaux de l'esthétique et de la perception.