Leukocyte Migration Process Quiz

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What is the major function of MHC?

To produce antibodies against foreign antigens

To regulate blood sugar levels

To bind to processed antigen peptides and initiate an immune response (correct)

To eliminate bacteria from the body

Which cells express MHC class II molecules?

Red blood cells

T lymphocytes

Dendritic cells, Macrophages, B lymphocytes (correct)

All cell types

How many major classes of membrane-bound glycoproteins are encoded by MHC?

Four

One

Two (correct)

Three

What does MHC stand for?

Major Histocompatability Complex Signup and view all the answers

Which cells recognize MHC class I molecules?

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the human equivalent of the Major Histocompatibility Complex?

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of MHC class I?

Binding and presenting endogenous antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which cells function as antigen presenting cells (APC)?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of antigen presentation?

Displaying antigens within a cleft of an MHC molecule Signup and view all the answers

Where are endogenous antigens degraded into peptides?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) molecules?

Pumping peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules release CLIP from the MHC molecule during antigen presentation?

HLA-DM Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of HLA class II?

Binding and presenting exogenous antigens Signup and view all the answers

What happens to exogenous antigens within the cell?

They are internalized and degraded within endocytic compartments Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves cells moving from the blood vasculature to peripheral tissues?

Transmigration (diapedesis) Signup and view all the answers

Which cell surface polypeptides ensure appropriate cell-cell interactions?

Mucin-like CAMs (Addressins) Signup and view all the answers

What binds to CD34 and Glycam-1 (mucin-like) on endothelial cells?

L-selectin on leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules contain immunoglobulin-like domains and are expressed on endothelial cells?

ICAMs Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of Integrins that bind to Ig-superfamily CAMs?

LFA-1, Mac-1, and VLA-4 Signup and view all the answers

Which group of proteins bind selectins and are rich in serine and threonine?

Mucin-like CAMs (Addressins) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where leukocytes settle-out of the central flow column and 'marginate' along the endothelial surface?

Margination Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the complementary surface adhesion molecules briefly sticking and releasing, causing leukocyte tethering then rolling along the endothelium?

Selectins Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of tethering for leukocytes?

$400$ microns/sec Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules participate in the adhesion by conformational changes to the integrin, allowing firm binding to Ig superfamily CAMs?

$ICAM-1$ and $VCAM-1$ Signup and view all the answers

During transmigration, cells must flatten and cross the endothelium basement membrane via:

Collagenases Signup and view all the answers

What do leukocytes migrate towards by following a chemical gradient (chemokine) to the site of injury?

$Cytokines$ (e.g., $IL-8$) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in lymphocyte migration?

$Rolling$ Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can cause chemotaxis for leukocytes?

$Complement$ components ($C3a, C4a, and $C5a$) Signup and view all the answers

What is shed during the rolling phase?

$Selectin$ Signup and view all the answers

What speed does rolling occur at?

$40$ microns/sec Signup and view all the answers