17 Questions
What is the purpose of phagocytosis in the context of inflammation?
To engulf and internalize particulate material, including invading microorganisms, damaged cells, and tissue debris
What is the process called when leukocytes migrate through the vessel wall by squeezing between cells at intercellular junctions?
Chemotaxis
What is the result of increased vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Swelling due to accumulation of fluid in the extravascular space
What is the term for the directional migration of phagocytic cells in response to a chemical gradient of chemoattractant?
Chemotaxis
What is the mechanism by which leukocytes initially attach to the endothelial surface during inflammation?
Rolling and firm adhesion
Which of the cardinal signs of acute inflammation is partly due to the stretching and destruction of tissues due to inflammatory edema?
Pain
What is the primary function of polymorphs in the context of acute inflammation?
Phagocytosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of an exudate?
High protein content exceeding 3g/dl
What is the process by which leukocytes move from the blood vessel to the site of inflammation?
Emigration
What is the term for the adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial surface of blood vessels?
Margination
What is the cardinal sign of acute inflammation that refers to the increased heat at the site of inflammation?
Calor
What are the two main components of the pathogenesis of acute inflammation?
Local tissue reaction and General body reaction
What is the process by which leucocytes migrate from the blood vessels to the site of inflammation?
Emigration
What is the term for the movement of leukocytes towards a chemical stimulus, such as a bacterial product, during acute inflammation?
Chemotaxis
What is the process by which phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, engulf and digest foreign particles and debris during acute inflammation?
Phagocytosis
What are the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
Not specified in the text (Traditionally, the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation are: Rubber, Calor, Dolor, and Tumor)
What is the term for the adhesion of leucocytes to the endothelial surface during acute inflammation?
Margination
Study Notes
Chemotaxis and Leukocyte Products
- Chemotaxis is the directional migration of phagocytic cells in response to a chemical gradient of chemoattractant.
- It occurs after rolling of leukocytes on endothelial cells and are activated by chemical mediators.
- Leukocytes migrate through the vessel wall by squeezing between cells at intercellular junctions.
Acute Inflammation
- Characterized by rapid tissue response, sudden onset, and short duration (lasting days to weeks).
- Presence of fluid exudates, fibrin threads, and polymorphonuclear (PNL) leucocytes.
Cardinal Signs of Acute Inflammation
- Redness: due to dilation of small blood vessels within damaged tissue.
- Heat: results from increased blood flow (hyperemia) due to regional vascular dilation.
- Swelling: due to accumulation of fluid in the extravascular space, resulting from increased vascular permeability.
- Pain: partly results from the stretching and destruction of tissues due to inflammatory edema and in part from pus under pressure.
Phagocytosis
- The process of engulfment and internalization by specialized cells of particulate material, including invading microorganisms, damaged cells, and tissue debris.
- Phagocytic cells involved include polymorphs, macrophages, and giant cells.
Functions of Cellular Part
- Phagocytosis: cells responsible for phagocytic activity.
- Immune reaction: cells responsible for immune response include lymphocytes, mast cells, and eosinophils.
- Healing and repair: fibroblasts have a major role in the process of repair.
Exudate vs Transudate
- Exudate:
- Fluid of inflammation.
- High protein content (exceeding 3g/dl).
- Specific gravity above 1018.
- Fibrinogen present, clots on standing.
- Transudate:
- Fluid of edema.
- Low protein content (below 1g/dl).
- Specific gravity below 1015.
- Fibrinogen not present, does not clot on standing.
Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammation
- Local tissue reaction:
- Early vascular response changes.
- Cellular changes.
- Cardinal signs.
- General body reaction:
- Fever due to pyrogen production by PNL.
- Leucocytosis due to release of leucocytosis promoting factors from injured tissue.
Inflammatory Exudates
- Characteristics:
- High protein content (4-8 gm%).
- High fibrinogen content (turbid and clots on standing).
- High specific gravity (above 1018).
Test your knowledge of leukocyte migration, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Learn about the process of leukocyte adhesion, migration, and engulfment of foreign particles in response to chemical gradients.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
