63 Questions
Which of the following is true about leukemia treatment options?
Leukemia treatment options are usually systemic.
What is the main characteristic of acute leukemia?
A gap in the maturation process in bone marrow.
How are leukemias grouped?
By cell lineage and maturity of affected cells.
Which type of therapy uses monoclonal antibodies to bind directly to affected cells and activate cell lysis?
Targeted therapy
What is the most serious transplant complication in stem cell transplantation?
Graft vs. Host Disease
What is the primary cause of death in leukemia?
Overwhelming infections
Which type of leukemia is also known as Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL)?
AML - Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of malignancy according to the text?
Bacterial infection
What is the minimum percentage of blasts in bone marrow required for an acute diagnosis in the FAB system?
30%
Which stage of therapeutic strategy involves low dose chemotherapy to prevent recurrence?
Consolidation
Which classification system was developed in 1976 to provide uniform criteria for classifying acute leukemias before treatment changed their cellular morphology?
FAB
Which methodology for identifying and classifying leukemias involves the microscopic analysis of whole chromosomes?
Cytogenetic & molecular analyses
Which methodology for identifying and classifying leukemias involves the use of fluorescent antibodies to identify specific cell lineage and/or specific maturation stage markers?
Immunophenotyping
What is the main purpose of supportive therapy in cancer treatment?
To support cancer patients
What is the most rare and desired type of bone marrow or stem cell transplant donor?
Syngeneic
What are the common clinical symptoms of all leukemias?
Petechiae, epistaxis, hemorrhage
What is the difference between leukemoid reaction and leukoerythroblastic reaction?
Leukemoid reaction is characterized by left shift and rare nRBCs, while leukoerythroblastic reaction is characterized by nRBCs and left shift.
What is the historical method used to differentiate leukemoid reaction from leukemia?
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) stain score
What is the normal range for Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) scores?
15-170
What is the current method used to identify chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
Presence of the BCR/ABL1 gene or t(9;22)
Match disorders with related leukemias.
t(8;21)(q22;q22) = AML Inv(16)(p13.1;q22) = AML4E t(15;17)(q22;q12) = APL t(8;16) = AMoL
Match CDs with related leukemias.
CD41+,CD42+, and CD61 +/- = AMegL CD4+,CD11b+,CD36+, and CD64+ = AMML CD4+ and CD64+ = AMoL CD14+, CD4+, CD11b+, and CD36+ = Acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia
Gold standard for AMoL.
CD4 and CD64
Which of the following is NOT a reason for performing a bone marrow evaluation?
To assess bone marrow function
Which of the following is NOT a finding used to verify that bone marrow has been obtained during a bone marrow tap?
Presence of mature hematopoietic cells
Which cell line is the most abundant in adult bone marrow?
Neutrophils
Which of the following is the correct order of preference for the preferred locations for a bone marrow tap?
Iliac crest, sternum, tibia
What is the normal range for the M:E ratio in adults?
2:1 - 4:1
Which cytochemical stain is best used for differentiating between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Which cytochemical stain is used to identify T-cell subsets of ALL and lymphomas?
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)
Which cytochemical stain is used to diagnose Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)
Which cytochemical stain is used to differentiate early CML from other conditions like leukemoid reaction or PV?
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)
Which cytochemical stain stains glycogen and is positive in 80% of ALL cases?
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)
Which cytochemical stain is used to evaluate RBC iron stores?
Prussian Blue Iron Stain
Which cytochemical stain is positive in granulocytes and monocytes?
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic peripheral blood finding for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?
Leukocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a current treatment option for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Radiation therapy
Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Thrombocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a chronic leukemia that can be evaluated through peripheral blood and bone marrow findings?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
What is the current belief regarding the cause of Acute Leukemia?
Multiple genetic mutations influencing stem cells
What is the main characteristic of Acute Leukemia?
Massive proliferation of blast cells
Which of the following is NOT a current diagnostic criteria for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?
Genetic mutations
Which of the following is NOT a current diagnostic criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?
Genetic mutations
Which of the following is NOT a current treatment option for Acute Leukemia?
Radiation therapy
Which of the following is NOT a current treatment option for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?
Radiation therapy
Which type of leukemia is characterized by the presence of >55% prolymphocytes in the peripheral blood?
Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?
Agranular and lightly basophilic cytoplasm
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?
Pale blue cytoplasm with unique, hair-like surface projections
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) on bone marrow aspiration?
Unusual isoenzyme of acid phosphatase that is not inhibited by tartaric acid
Which of the following is a clinical symptom commonly seen in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?
Malaise and fatigue
Which of the following is a lab finding in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?
Absolute lymphocytosis in peripheral blood
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL) on bone marrow aspiration?
Large pros with moderately coarse chromatin
Which of the following is a clinical symptom commonly seen in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?
Gross splenomegaly
Which of the following is NOT a lab finding in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?
Positive for CD20, CD19, CD22, and FMC7
Which leukemia subtype accounts for 75% of childhood leukemias?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Which subtype of ALL is characterized by the presence of CD34, CD19, cytoplasmic CD22 (cCD22), and TdT markers?
Early (pro/pre-pre) B-ALL
Which genetic mutation is most commonly found in T-cell ALL?
NOTCH1 gene mutation
Which genetic mutation is associated with the worst prognosis in B-ALL?
t(9;22) BCR-ABL1 mutation
Which type of ALL is more common in adult and late teen males and frequently presents with mediastinal mass (thymomegaly)?
T-cell ALL
Which leukemia/lymphoma is the most common in the Western Hemisphere?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Which leukemia/lymphoma is characterized by the presence of CD5, CD19, CD20, CD23, IgM, and IgD+ B-cells?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Which leukemia/lymphoma is diagnosed based on monoclonal B-lymphocytes greater than 5,000/uL in peripheral blood?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Which leukemia/lymphoma has an indolent course and is often managed with a 'watchful waiting' approach?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Test your knowledge of the major types of leukemia with this quiz! Learn about the different subtypes, gene rearrangements, and translocations associated with each type. Discover key molecular markers and understand the concept of molecular remission. Challenge yourself and see how well you know ALL, CLL, AML, and CML.
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