Leukemia Subtypes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about leukemia treatment options?

  • Leukemia treatment options are usually systemic. (correct)
  • Leukemia treatment options are usually limited.
  • Leukemia treatment options are usually localized.
  • Leukemia treatment options are usually unknown.

    • What is the main characteristic of acute leukemia?

  • A preponderance of mature cells.
  • A gap in the maturation process in bone marrow. (correct)
  • A known cause of malignancy.
  • A localized spread of abnormal cells.

    • How are leukemias grouped?

  • By treatment options and prognosis.
  • By laboratory evaluation and pathologist role.
  • By etiology and clinical presentations.
  • By cell lineage and maturity of affected cells. (correct)

    • Which type of therapy uses monoclonal antibodies to bind directly to affected cells and activate cell lysis?

    <p>Targeted therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious transplant complication in stem cell transplantation?

    <p>Graft vs. Host Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of death in leukemia?

    <p>Overwhelming infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia is also known as Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL)?

    <p>AML - Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of malignancy according to the text?

    <p>Bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of blasts in bone marrow required for an acute diagnosis in the FAB system?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of therapeutic strategy involves low dose chemotherapy to prevent recurrence?

    <p>Consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification system was developed in 1976 to provide uniform criteria for classifying acute leukemias before treatment changed their cellular morphology?

    <p>FAB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology for identifying and classifying leukemias involves the microscopic analysis of whole chromosomes?

    <p>Cytogenetic &amp; molecular analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology for identifying and classifying leukemias involves the use of fluorescent antibodies to identify specific cell lineage and/or specific maturation stage markers?

    <p>Immunophenotyping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of supportive therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To support cancer patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most rare and desired type of bone marrow or stem cell transplant donor?

    <p>Syngeneic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common clinical symptoms of all leukemias?

    <p>Petechiae, epistaxis, hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between leukemoid reaction and leukoerythroblastic reaction?

    <p>Leukemoid reaction is characterized by left shift and rare nRBCs, while leukoerythroblastic reaction is characterized by nRBCs and left shift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical method used to differentiate leukemoid reaction from leukemia?

    <p>Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) stain score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) scores?

    <p>15-170</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current method used to identify chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

    <p>Presence of the BCR/ABL1 gene or t(9;22)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match disorders with related leukemias.

    <p>t(8;21)(q22;q22) = AML Inv(16)(p13.1;q22) = AML4E t(15;17)(q22;q12) = APL t(8;16) = AMoL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match CDs with related leukemias.

    <p>CD41+,CD42+, and CD61 +/- = AMegL CD4+,CD11b+,CD36+, and CD64+ = AMML CD4+ and CD64+ = AMoL CD14+, CD4+, CD11b+, and CD36+ = Acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gold standard for AMoL.

    <p>CD4 and CD64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for performing a bone marrow evaluation?

    <p>To assess bone marrow function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a finding used to verify that bone marrow has been obtained during a bone marrow tap?

    <p>Presence of mature hematopoietic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell line is the most abundant in adult bone marrow?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct order of preference for the preferred locations for a bone marrow tap?

    <p>Iliac crest, sternum, tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the M:E ratio in adults?

    <p>2:1 - 4:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain is best used for differentiating between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase (MPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain is used to identify T-cell subsets of ALL and lymphomas?

    <p>Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain is used to diagnose Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?

    <p>Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain is used to differentiate early CML from other conditions like leukemoid reaction or PV?

    <p>Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain stains glycogen and is positive in 80% of ALL cases?

    <p>Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain is used to evaluate RBC iron stores?

    <p>Prussian Blue Iron Stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytochemical stain is positive in granulocytes and monocytes?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase (MPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic peripheral blood finding for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a current treatment option for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?

    <p>Radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?

    <p>Thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a chronic leukemia that can be evaluated through peripheral blood and bone marrow findings?

    <p>Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current belief regarding the cause of Acute Leukemia?

    <p>Multiple genetic mutations influencing stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Acute Leukemia?

    <p>Massive proliferation of blast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a current diagnostic criteria for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?

    <p>Genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a current diagnostic criteria for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)?

    <p>Genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a current treatment option for Acute Leukemia?

    <p>Radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a current treatment option for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?

    <p>Radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia is characterized by the presence of >55% prolymphocytes in the peripheral blood?

    <p>Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?

    <p>Agranular and lightly basophilic cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?

    <p>Pale blue cytoplasm with unique, hair-like surface projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) on bone marrow aspiration?

    <p>Unusual isoenzyme of acid phosphatase that is not inhibited by tartaric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical symptom commonly seen in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?

    <p>Malaise and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a lab finding in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)?

    <p>Absolute lymphocytosis in peripheral blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL) on bone marrow aspiration?

    <p>Large pros with moderately coarse chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical symptom commonly seen in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?

    <p>Gross splenomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a lab finding in Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL)?

    <p>Positive for CD20, CD19, CD22, and FMC7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukemia subtype accounts for 75% of childhood leukemias?

    <p>Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of ALL is characterized by the presence of CD34, CD19, cytoplasmic CD22 (cCD22), and TdT markers?

    <p>Early (pro/pre-pre) B-ALL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic mutation is most commonly found in T-cell ALL?

    <p>NOTCH1 gene mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic mutation is associated with the worst prognosis in B-ALL?

    <p>t(9;22) BCR-ABL1 mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ALL is more common in adult and late teen males and frequently presents with mediastinal mass (thymomegaly)?

    <p>T-cell ALL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukemia/lymphoma is the most common in the Western Hemisphere?

    <p>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukemia/lymphoma is characterized by the presence of CD5, CD19, CD20, CD23, IgM, and IgD+ B-cells?

    <p>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukemia/lymphoma is diagnosed based on monoclonal B-lymphocytes greater than 5,000/uL in peripheral blood?

    <p>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukemia/lymphoma has an indolent course and is often managed with a 'watchful waiting' approach?

    <p>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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