Lesson 7: Force in General Physics 1
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Questions and Answers

What does the net force represent?

  • The force required to move an object.
  • The difference between gravitational and normal force.
  • The total force acting on an object. (correct)
  • The resistance force acting against gravity.

When the net force acting on an object is zero, what can be said about the object's motion?

  • The object is always at rest.
  • The object will change its direction of motion.
  • The object can still be moving at a constant velocity. (correct)
  • The object experiences an increase in speed.

What is the role of the normal force in the context of balanced forces?

  • To cause an object to accelerate.
  • To create friction against the object's motion.
  • To push an object downward.
  • To counteract gravitational force. (correct)

What is the effect of gravitational force on a stationary object?

<p>It pulls the object towards the center of the Earth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario of a ball constantly moving on a frictionless surface, which condition must be true?

<p>The ball is subject to balanced forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the gravitational force (Fg) between two masses?

<p>Fg = G m1 m2 / r² (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of the Earth as provided in the sample problem?

<p>5.98 x 10^24 kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the gravitational constant (G) used in the calculation?

<p>6.67 x 10-11 N-m²/kg² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the given values, what is the final calculated gravitational force (Fg) between the Earth and the student?

<p>683.81 N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance (r) between the Earth and the student used in the calculation?

<p>6.39 x 10^6 m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gravitational force (Fg) between the two masses m1 and m2 given the values m1 = 50 kg, m2 = 70 kg, G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N-m²/kg² and r = 0.5 m?

<p>9.34 x 10^-7 N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distance (r) between the two masses is doubled, how does that affect the gravitational force (Fg)?

<p>Fg is reduced to a quarter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the gravitational force if mass m2 is increased from 70 kg to 140 kg while keeping all other values the same?

<p>Fg will double (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N-m²/kg², what is the unit of G when calculating gravitational force?

<p>N·m²/kg² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you express the gravitational force Fg in terms of the masses and distance using the formula Fg = G * (m1 * m2) / r²?

<p>Fg is directly proportional to the masses and inversely proportional to the distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation state about the force between two particles?

<p>It is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the universal gravitational constant (G)?

<p>$6.67 \times 10^{-11} , N \cdot m^2/kg^2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two masses are doubled, what happens to the gravitational force between them?

<p>It increases by a factor of four. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to the gravitational force if the distance between two particles is tripled?

<p>It will decrease by a factor of nine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the distance between two particles is 1 meter and their masses are 50 kg and 70 kg, what is the gravitational force between them?

<p>$2.5 \times 10^{-11} , N$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of the apple used in the calculations?

<p>200 g (A), 0.2 kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculated net force required to accelerate the apple at 5 m/s²?

<p>1 N (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial velocity of the car before stopping?

<p>100 km/h (A), 27.8 m/s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula is used to determine the required net force to stop the car?

<p>vfx² = vix² + 2axdx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final velocity of the car when it comes to a stop?

<p>0 m/s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far does the car travel while coming to rest?

<p>55 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion of 100 km/h into meters per second?

<p>27.78 m/s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required average net force to stop the car?

<p>300 N (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of mechanics primarily encompass?

<p>The study of motion and related concepts of force and energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion?

<p>Inertia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes Newton's First Law of Motion?

<p>An object stays at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition do we say that forces on an object are balanced?

<p>When the object remains at rest or moves with constant velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of force requires direct physical contact between two objects?

<p>Contact force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of noncontact forces?

<p>They can act over distances without touching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a contact force?

<p>Frictional force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes velocity?

<p>Speed with a specified direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Balanced Forces

When the forces acting on an object are equal in size and opposite in direction, resulting in a net force of zero.

Net Force

The overall force acting on an object, calculated by adding up all the individual forces.

Stationary

An object that is not moving and has a velocity of zero.

Normal Force

The force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the contact point of an object, opposing the force of gravity.

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Gravitational Force

The force attracting objects towards the center of the Earth.

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Mechanics

The study of motion, forces, and energy.

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Kinematics

Describes how objects move, focusing on displacement, time, velocity, and acceleration.

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Dynamics

Describes why objects move, considering forces, momentum, energy, work, and power.

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Force

A push or pull that can change an object's motion, shape, or state of rest.

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Contact force

A force that acts when two objects touch; examples include friction, air resistance, normal force, and applied force.

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Noncontact force

A force that acts between objects even when they are not touching; examples include gravity, magnetism, and electricity.

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Newton's First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion (velocity).

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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

States that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

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Distance

The separation between two objects.

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Gravitational Constant (G)

A constant of proportionality in Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. It has a value of 6.67 x 10^-11 N-m^2/kg^2.

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Newton's Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Formulated as F = ma.

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How is net force calculated?

Net force (F) is calculated by multiplying the object's mass (m) by its acceleration (a). This is expressed as F = ma.

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What is the unit of force?

The standard unit of force is the Newton (N), which is equivalent to 1 kg-m/s².

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Initial velocity

The velocity of an object at the beginning of its motion. Usually denoted by vi.

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Final velocity

The velocity of an object at the end of its motion. Usually denoted by vf.

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What is the relationship between acceleration, initial velocity, final velocity, and displacement?

The relationship is described by the equation: vf² = vi² + 2axdx, where: vf is final velocity, vi is the initial velocity, a is acceleration, and dx is the displacement.

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How to find the net force needed to stop a car?

The net force required to stop a car can be calculated using the equations of motion and the formula F = ma, where m is the mass of the car, and a is the calculated acceleration required to bring the car to rest.

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What is the formula for gravitational force?

The formula for gravitational force (Fg) is Fg = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers.

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What is the gravitational constant?

The gravitational constant (G) is a fundamental constant in physics that represents the strength of the gravitational force. Its value is approximately 6.67 x 10^-11 N⋅m^2/kg^2.

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What is the gravitational force between two objects?

The gravitational force between two objects is a force of attraction that pulls them towards each other. It is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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How does distance affect gravitational force?

The gravitational force between two objects decreases rapidly as the distance between them increases. In fact, the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This means that if you double the distance, the force becomes four times weaker.

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How is gravitational force calculated?

Gravitational force is calculated using the formula Fg = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers.

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Gravitational Force Equation

The equation that calculates the gravitational force between two objects, considering their masses and the distance between their centers.

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What is the relationship between gravitational force and distance?

The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the distance between them increases. It's an inverse square relationship: doubling the distance reduces the force to one-fourth.

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How to calculate gravitational force?

Use the equation: Fg = G * (m1 * m2) / r². Plug in the values for the gravitational constant (G), the masses of the two objects (m1, m2), and the distance between their centers (r).

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What is 'r' in the gravitational force equation?

'r' represents the distance between the centers of the two objects. It's important to use the distance between their centers, not just the distance between their surfaces.

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Study Notes

Lesson 7: Force in General Physics 1

  • This lesson focuses on force, a specialized subject within General Physics 1.
  • Mechanics is the study of object motion related to force and energy concepts.
  • Kinematics describes how objects move, focusing on motion.
  • Dynamics describes why objects move, examining motion and forces.
  • Kinematics includes concepts like displacement, time, velocity, acceleration, and mass.
  • Dynamics involves Force, Momentum, Energy, Work, and Power.
  • Force is a push or pull.
  • Forces can be categorized into contact forces and non-contact forces.

Contact Forces

  • Contact forces require physical touch between objects.
  • Types of contact forces include applied force and frictional force.
  • Further types include normal force and air resistance.

Non-Contact Forces

  • Non-contact forces act between objects without direct touch.
  • Examples include gravitational force, magnetic force, and electric force.

Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

  • An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
  • Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
  • Inertia can also be defined as the tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity.
  • Alternatively, inertia can be seen as the tendency of an object to resist acceleration.
  • Balanced forces result in a net force of zero and no change in motion.
  • Unbalanced forces result in a net force not equal to zero and change in motion.

Newton's Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)

  • The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
  • The direction of the acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force.
  • Acceleration (a) is calculated as net force (F) divided by mass (m).
  • The unit of force is the Newton (N), equal to 1 kg⋅m/s².

Mass and Weight

  • Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
  • Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object.
  • Weight (W) is calculated by multiplying mass (m) by acceleration due to gravity (g).

Universal Law of Gravitation

  • Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
  • This force acts along the line joining the two particles.
  • The force of gravity (F𝑔) is calculated using the universal gravitational constant (G), the masses of the two objects (m1 and m2), and the distance between them (r).

Sample Problems

  • Various sample problems demonstrate calculations related to force, acceleration, and gravity. These problems utilize Newton's laws and the equation for gravitational force. Calculations of net force, acceleration, and gravitational forces are included.

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Force Physics PDF

Description

Explore the fundamentals of force in General Physics 1 in this lesson. Delve into mechanics, kinematics, and dynamics to understand how and why objects move. Learn about contact and non-contact forces, and discover Newton's First Law of Motion.

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