Lesson 6: Runoff and Streamflow

In the field experimental plots, the quantity of water applied is kept small to avoid deep percolation losses and surface runoff is measured to determine ____________.

Soil water studies involve taking samples at various depths in the root zone to understand the ____________ content.

Integration methods combine the water used by plants and evaporation from the water and soil surfaces for the entire ____________ involved.

The Inflow-outflow method evaluates the inflow into the area (precipitation), outflow from the area, and change in ____________ level.

Mass Transfer method requires measurements of wind and humidity at two or more elevations to determine the movement of water away from evaporating and transpiring surfaces due to ____________ mixing of the air.

Overdraft occurs when groundwater is removed faster than ______ can replace it.

Drawdown results in a temporarily lowered ______ table generally caused by pumping.

Subsidence results from over ______.

______ compounds, pathogens, and organic compounds can harm water quality.

Point sources are widespread, seemingly insignificant amounts of pollutants which threaten water ______.

Non-point sources are easily identified because they usually come out of a ______.

Energy Balance heat is required for evaporation of water, so if there is no change in water temperature, the net radiation or heat supplied is a measure of ______

Empirical Methods developed from experience and field research based on assumption that the energy available for evaporation is proportional to ______

Runoff will occur when rainfall intensity exceeds ______ rate

Overland flow begins as the depressions are filled. Build up of water on the surface (surface detention) = P – infiltration – ______

Flow moving into defined channels (channel detention) is part of the ______

Measurement of streamflow includes the use of a ______ – a graduated staff used for the visual observation of water level

The general relationship between the number of revolutions and the velocity of streamflow is measured using the ______ method

Head is the height of water above the ______

Water table separates the zone of aeration and ______

Aquifer conductivity or permeability is a measure of the ease with which an aquifer will transmit ______