Runoff Factors and Impact Quiz
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Runoff is that portion of ______ that flows over land surfaces toward larger bodies of water.  Before runoff can occur, rainfall must satisfy the immediate demands of infiltration, evaporation, interception, surface storage, surface detention and/or channel detention.  Some are very minor losses, e.g., interception by a corn crop is only about 0.02 inches. However, in a forested area, interception may not be minor, accounting for up to 25 percent of the rainfall.

precipitation

A graph of runoff rate vs. time is called a runoff hydrograph. The shape of a hydrograph depends on the ______ and upon watershed flow characteristics. However, most hydrographs bear some resemblance to the 'typical shape' shown below:

time distribution of rainfall

E.g., interception by a corn crop is only about 0.02 inches. However, in a forested area, interception may not be minor, accounting for up to 25 percent of the rainfall.

losses

Indirect Methods )Equations( Direct Methods )______( Current meter Direct Methods Crest stage gauge Staff gauge Talbot’s CN (SCS) Rational Indirect Methods Manning’s Formula Unit Hydrograph Equation Creager’s SCS-CN

<p>measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

The SCS-CN method is one of the most popular methods for computing the volume of direct surface runoff for a given rainfall event. On one hand, SCS model is an ______ and it just needs a single parameter-Curve Number which lumps together the hydrological impacts of land use SCS Curve Number Method (Indirect Method)

<p>empirical model</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the runoff loss with its description:

<p>Infiltration = Immediate demand of rainfall before runoff can occur Interception = Portion of precipitation intercepted by vegetation Surface storage = Water held on the land surface Channel detention = Retention of water in natural or artificial channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the runoff estimation method with its type:

<p>SCS-CN method = Indirect Method Manning’s Formula = Indirect Method Unit Hydrograph Equation = Indirect Method Current meter = Direct Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hydrograph component with its description:

<p>Runoff rate vs. time graph = Runoff hydrograph Time distribution of rainfall and watershed flow characteristics = Factors affecting hydrograph shape Typical shape = Characteristic of most hydrographs Flood and runoff estimation methods = Methods for analyzing hydrographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the runoff measurement tool with its description:

<p>Crest stage gauge = Measures water level in natural channels Staff gauge = Simple device for measuring water depth Direct Methods = Measurements used for estimating runoff directly Rational method = Equation for estimating peak discharge in drainage basins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the runoff control method with its description:

<p>Surface detention = Temporary storage of water on land surface SCS Curve Number Method = Method for computing direct surface runoff volume Direct Methods = Methods using measurements to estimate runoff directly Indirect Methods = Equations used to estimate runoff indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

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