29 Questions
What does 'cut-paste' plagiarism involve?
Copying and pasting without citation
What does 'fabrication' involve?
Production of data or results and reporting them as true
What is the privilege given by fair use?
Access to information essential for being functional citizens
What does 'falsification' involve?
Modification of data to meet a certain result
What is the Latin origin of the word 'plagiarism'?
Kidnapper
'Defamation' involves:
Issuance of false statements causing harm to others
What are the terms used to describe the use of visual media?
Multimedia, hypermedia, and new media
How does the passage describe the role of media nowadays?
Media acts as a watchdog to protect public interest against malpractice and create public awareness.
What is one of the ways that social media has transformed politics according to the passage?
Social media has increased the speed of news, poll results, and rumors.
What opportunity does the passage mention regarding direct interaction with politicians?
Voters or citizens can reach out to politicians for help or other concerns.
What challenge does the passage mention regarding social media and politics?
Social media has challenged the power of politicians and elected officials.
What is the primary purpose of copyright exclusivity?
To allow the copyright owner to control the usage of their work
What is the significance of the 'no formalities for establishment' principle in copyright?
Copyright ownership is automatically granted upon creation, without any formal registration
What does the principle of contractual freedom in copyright allow?
Copyright owners can set their own terms and conditions for reproduction of their work
What is the purpose of remuneration in the context of copyright?
Both economic compensation and moral acknowledgment of the copyright owner
What does the territoriality principle in copyright refer to?
The copyright owner's ability to define the geographical scope of their work's coverage
What is the primary right conferred by copyright enforcement?
The right to take legal action against unauthorized use of the copyrighted work
Which of the following is NOT a type of Internet addiction?
Cyberbullying
What does the term 'flaming' refer to in the context of cyberbullying?
Sending angry, rude, and vulgar messages
Which of the following is an example of a cybercrime?
Hacking
What does the term 'denigration' mean in the context of cyberbullying?
Sending or posting harmful, untrue statements about a person
Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of cyberbullying in the text?
Cybersquatting
What does the term 'outing and trickery' refer to in the context of cyberbullying?
Sending or posting material that contains sensitive information
What is the main difference between ethics and law?
Ethics are universally accepted rules, while law is specific to a certain territory or entity.
What is the primary purpose of intellectual property (IP) rights?
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT a key principle of copyright law?
The creator must register their work with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to be protected by copyright.
Why are ethics and laws significant in the context of media and information literacy (MIL)?
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT a type of intellectual property right?
Royalty
What is the primary purpose of the moral rights component of copyright law?
To ensure the creator's work is recognized as their original creation.
Study Notes
Types of Plagiarism
- Cut-paste: copying and pasting without citation
- Word-switch: substitution of words
- Style: substitution of one's own words and making alterations
- Metaphor and idea: usage of metaphors and ideas of others without proper acknowledgment
Fair Use
- Fair use is a privilege allowing users to use copyrighted materials with prior permission or remuneration
- Helps ensure access to essential information for functional and knowledgeable citizens
Plagiarism, Fabrication, and Falsification
- Plagiarism: intellectual theft, comes from the Latin word "plagiarus" meaning kidnapper
- Fabrication: production of data or results and reporting them as true and correct
- Falsification: manipulation of research materials or modification of data to meet a certain result
Defamation
- Issuance of false statements about another person or entity that causes harm
Opportunities of Social Media
- Acts as a watchdog to protect public interest against malpractice and create public awareness
- Enhances freedom of expression and communication
- Enables direct interaction with politicians and elected officials
Challenges of Power
- Exclusivity: owner's right to authorize or prohibit usage
- No formalities for establishment: ownership starts from the time of creation
- Contractual freedom: right to define terms and conditions of reproduction
- Remuneration: provision of equitable remuneration through monetary payment and/or acknowledgment
- Territoriality: power to decide on geographical scope and license of work
- Enforcement: right to enforce rights against unauthorized use
Intellectual Property: Copyright
- Normally, the creator of an IP is the owner of its copyright
- Exceptions: employment and commissioning
- Employer owns the copyright if the IP is created by an employee pursuant to the terms of employment
- Commissioner owns the copyright if the IP is commissioned by another person or group
Five Types of Internet Addiction
- Cyber sexual addiction or cyber porn
- Cyber relationship addiction
- Online gambling, auctions, or obsessive trading
- Information overload
- Computer addiction to game playing
Cyberbullying
- Intimidation, oppression, harassment, and discrimination done via ICT
- Forms: flaming, harassment, cyberstalking, denigration, masquerade, outing and trickery, and exclusion
Cybercrime
- Illegal acts that happen within the internet, such as hacking, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, online libel, illegal access to data, online piracy, cybersquatting, and other computer-related offenses
Ethical vs. Legal
- Law: a set of universally accepted rules, accepted and enforced within a certain territory or entity
- Ethics: defines how individuals prefer to interact with one another, related to moral obligation of knowing what is right and wrong
- Both are important aspects to sustain a stable and harmonious society, applicable to all walks of life and professions
Intellectual Property
- Anything that a person creates, designs, or invents, that can be treated as an asset or physical property
- Includes copyright, trademark, and patent
- Copyright: exclusive legal right of an IP owner to reproduce, sell, or distribute a material that he/she has created
Explore the concepts of legal and ethical issues in media, and their impact on society. Learn about the differences between ethics and laws, and how they contribute to a stable and harmonious society.
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