Legal and Ethical Issues in Media

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of censorship as described in the content?

To promote freedom of expression

To control access to information deemed undesirable (correct)

To enhance the quality of online content

To improve internet security

Which of the following accurately defines defamation?

The communication of false statements harming a person's reputation (correct)

The systematic alteration of media facts

The presentation of exaggerated truths about an individual

The act of praising someone falsely

What do media manipulations primarily aim to accomplish?

To encourage critical thinking among viewers

To disseminate truthful information effectively

To dilute factual reporting in news

To influence emotions, opinions, or behaviors of the audience (correct)

In the context of Visual Information and Media, why is visual content considered effective for attracting attention?

It combines imagery with concise details to convey meaning quickly. Signup and view all the answers

What role does Visual Information and Media play in modern communication?

It is essential for interpreting and creating content using visual elements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of copyright in intellectual property rights?

To protect the creation from copy, redistribution, and modification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a patent?

It is an exclusive right granted for inventions or processes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a trademark from other intellectual property rights?

It protects logos, designations, or short phrases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a trade secret?

It consists of confidential information providing a competitive advantage Signup and view all the answers

How can individuals lower their risk of falling for online deception?

By refraining from sharing personal information online Signup and view all the answers

What is online deception primarily associated with?

The use of technology to intentionally mislead users Signup and view all the answers

The term 'information superhighway' refers primarily to what aspect of the internet?

The fast access to a vast amount of data Signup and view all the answers

What action constitutes copyright infringement?

Making copies of copyrighted work without permission Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information

The presentation covers various legal, ethical, and societal issues related to media and information.
Key topics include copyright, fair use, plagiarism, netiquette, digital divide, addiction, bullying, virtual self, and others.

Today's Presentation

Copyright: Protects original works (writing, music, art).
Fair Use: Allows reuse of copyrighted materials without permission, but limited uses like criticism and commentary are allowed. Four factors determine fair use: purposes and character of uses, amount and sustainability of work used, nature of the copyrighted work, and effect of use on the market.
Plagiarism: Presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own.
Netiquette: Good internet manners, including politeness, respect, correct writing, and respecting privacy.
Digital Divide: Unequal access to technology and information.
Addiction: Persistent urge to engage in certain behaviors, like technology or drugs.
Bullying: Using strength to frighten or hurt weaker people. Includes physical, verbal, social and cyberbullying.
Virtual Self: Virtual concepts of self in philosophy, sociology, and artificial intelligence.
Others: Other issues related to media and information, such as online deception and censorship.

Objectives

Identify the importance of legal, ethical, and societal issues in media and information.
Examine given examples related to these issues.
Develop understanding of consequences, advantages, and disadvantages.

Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual property rights pertain to the output of a person's intellectual pursuit, like literary and artistic works, inventions, logos, symbols, names, and images used commercially.
Includes copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secrets.

Intellectual Property Rights (Four Key Rights)

Copyright: A set of rights granted to an author/creator to restrict copying, redistribution, and reshaping of their content.
Patent: Exclusive right for an invention (product or process). Typically needs a business attorney.
Trademark: Legal protection for a logo, designation, or phrase.
Trade Secret: Confidential business information providing a competitive advantage (industrial or commercial).

Importance of Copyright

Allowing authors, professors, and researchers to prevent unauthorized or uncredited use helps protect their work and its value.

How to Avoid Copyright Infringement

Receive permission, use images from the public domain, give credit, review ownerships rights on social media, and consider buying consent.

Copyright Infringement

Using copyrighted works without permission, infringing rights to reproduce, distribute, display, perform the work or make derivative works.
Violating copyright under Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code in Philippines).

Advantage and Disadvantages of Fair Use

Advantage: Allows obtaining work without approval, just providing citation.
Disadvantage: Potential greed to obtain others’ work and profit from it without proper credit and approval.

Importance of Fair Use

Prevents copyright law from stifling research and criticism, balancing the right way of using others' work.

Examples of Fair Use

Criticism; Commentary; News Reporting; Parody; Teaching.

Factors of Fair Use

Purposes and character of uses; Amount and sustainability of work used; Nature of the copyrighted work; Effect of the use on the market.

Virtual Self

The concepts of self in philosophy, sociology, and artificial intelligence, encompassing the virtual aspects of an individual.

Online Deception

Digital deception in media and information, such as disinformation, cyber deception, and the use of technology to deceive online users.

Censored Works

The internet nicknamed as 'Information Superhighway' aimed at providing average users with faster access to limitless data.
Censorship ranges from well-intentioned efforts to protect from inappropriate content to authoritarian control over nations’ information access.

Defamatory Reproductions

Communication of false statements about a person, including slanderous or libelous statements that damage reputation.

Media Manipulations

Techniques in media influencing audience emotions, opinions, and behaviors, often by highlighting certain aspects to create a desired effect.

Visual Information and Media

In media and information literacy, visual information plays a crucial role in modern communication, influencing perceptions and interactions with information.
E.g., posters, infographics, videos showcasing scenic spots capture attention and convey beauty of attractions.

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Description

This quiz explores the legal, ethical, and societal issues surrounding media and information. Key topics include copyright, fair use, plagiarism, netiquette, the digital divide, and internet addiction. Test your knowledge on the responsibilities and challenges in today's digital landscape.