Lesson 2: Intellect vs Will

Lesson 2: Intellect vs Will

• Intellect involves recognizing an object and making a judgment about its desirability or undesirability, whether it is good or evil.
• Will is like a hand that controls the direction of the spotlight.

Lesson 3: Speech

• News is information packaged to report new events happening elsewhere, presented in a direct and unbiased style without editorial commentary.
• The purpose of news is to inform readers about events occurring in their communities and around the world, shaping their perspectives and general ideas.
• A speech is a form of spoken communication delivered by a speaker to an audience for a specific purpose.
• General purposes of a speech include:
  • To inform
  • To entertain
  • To persuade
  • To inspire
• An informative speech aims to educate the audience on a particular topic, simplifying complex subjects or presenting alternative perspectives.
• A panel discussion involves a conversation among a few individuals in front of an audience, exploring a subject for information rather than advocating a specific course of action.

Lesson 4: Author's Purpose

• Every text serves one of three main purposes:
  • To entertain
  • To inform
  • To persuade
• Writing to entertain aims to amuse readers, with examples including stories, poems, and plays.
• Writing to inform aims to enlighten the reader, with examples including expository essays, nonfiction texts, and instructions or directions.
• Writing to persuade aims to convince the reader, with examples including persuasive essays, persuasive speeches, and persuasive letters or notes.
• To identify the author's purpose, ask:
  • Is the text a poem, story, or play? (If "yes," it's for entertainment.)
  • Does the text primarily provide facts and information? (If "yes," it's for information.)
  • Does the text make arguments? (If "yes," it's to persuade.)

Lesson 5: Appraising the Unity of Plot, Setting, and Characterization in a Material

• Elements of a story include:
  • Setting: The time and place where the story takes place.
  • Characters: The people, animals, or creatures in the story.
  • Plot: The series of events that make up the story.
  • Conflict: A problem or struggle between two individuals, things, or ideas.
  • Theme: The central idea of the story.
• Setting describes the location and time in which the story unfolds, helping create background and mental imagery.
• Characterization refers to how an author reveals a character's personality, using techniques such as passive voice, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and conjunctive adverbs.

Lesson 4: Fact, Opinion, Assertions

• A fact is a statement that can be proven.
• An opinion is a personal judgment or view about an issue or topic.
• An assertion states a fact or belief without evidence to support it.

Lesson 4.2: Formulating Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value

• A claim is the main topic of an argument where a speaker or writer presents their ideas or actions.
• Claim types include:
  • Claim of Fact: Asserts the existence, occurrence, or truthfulness of something.
  • Claim of Policy: Suggests specific plans or courses of action to solve problems.
  • Claim of Value: Attempts to prove the desirability or worthiness of something.

Lesson 5: Multimodal and its Elements

• Communication extends beyond voice and letters, encompassing various forms of expression.
• Multimodal communication employs multiple modes, including:
  • Written language
  • Spoken language
  • Patterns of meaning conveyed through visual, audio, gestural, tactile, and spatial elements.

Elements of a Research Paper

• A research paper typically includes:
  • Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background
  • Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies
  • Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology
  • Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
• Elements of a research paper include:
  • Introduction/Background of the Study
  • Theoretical Framework
  • Conceptual Framework/Research Paradigm
  • Statement of the Problem/Research Questions
  • Hypothesis of the Study
  • Definition of Terms
  • Scope and Limitation of the Study
  • Research Method and Technique Used
  • Population and Sample
  • Sampling Procedure
  • Research Instrument
  • Data Gathering Procedure
  • Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

Guidelines in Making a Bibliography Using the APA Format

• Citation is acknowledging the sources of material used in one's work, giving credit to the original author and allowing readers to locate the source.
• Why cite sources:
  • To avoid plagiarism
  • To give proper credit to the original authors
• When to cite sources:
  • Whenever you use words or ideas from another source, you must acknowledge their origin.

This lesson compares and contrasts the concepts of intellect and will, exploring their roles in judgment and decision-making.