Questions and Answers
Rene Descartes is considered as the father of modern ______.
philosophy
The method of doubt was postulated by ______.
Rene Descartes
The theory that truth should be based on reason is called ______.
rationalism
The leading philosophers of empiricism include John Locke, George Berkeley, ______, and Karl Marx.
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Empiricism populates truth as that which is verified by ______.
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John Locke was an influential ______ and physician.
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Study Notes
Rene Descartes
- Key figure in the development of modern philosophy during the 17th century.
- Introduced the method of philosophical inquiry through disputation and rigorous questioning.
- Advocated for a scientific approach to philosophy, influencing later thinkers.
- Formulated the method of doubt, emphasizing skepticism as a path to knowledge.
- Proposed that truth is determined by rational thought, laying the foundation for rationalism.
- Defined rationalism as valuing reason and knowledge over faith and sensory perception.
- Recognized as the father of modern philosophy, marking a shift in philosophical thought.
Rationalism
- Established a clear distinction between humans and the natural world, prioritizing human rationality.
- Asserts that human beings possess superior reasoning capabilities compared to other elements of nature.
- Shifted the philosophical focus toward understanding truth through intellect and logical reasoning.
The Flourishing of Empiricism
- Empiricism posits that truth is validated through experience and observation.
- Major proponents of empiricist philosophy include John Locke, George Berkeley, Immanuel Kant, and Karl Marx.
John Locke
- English philosopher and physician known for his significant impact on Enlightenment thought.
- Regarded as one of the most influential figures in shaping modern philosophy and political theory.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of Rene Descartes' philosophy, including his method of doubt and his advocacy for rationalism. This quiz examines the shift from traditional philosophy to a more scientific approach through Descartes' work. Test your understanding of how reason and knowledge play pivotal roles in his theories.
