Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the Gelbkörperbildung?
What is the primary purpose of the Gelbkörperbildung?
- To stimulate the uterus lining
- To differentiate the uterus lining (correct)
- To induce ovulation
- To increase estrogen concentration
How is the duration of pregnancy typically measured?
How is the duration of pregnancy typically measured?
- By the number of weeks since ovulation
- By the number of weeks since the last menstrual period (correct)
- By the number of months since conception
- By the number of days since fertilization
What is the term for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy?
What is the term for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy?
- First trimester (correct)
- Maternal preparation phase
- Early pregnancy
- Fetal development phase
What is the primary hormone involved in the Follikelreifung phase?
What is the primary hormone involved in the Follikelreifung phase?
What is the term for the period of time from fertilization to birth?
What is the term for the period of time from fertilization to birth?
What is the term for the process by which the uterus lining differentiates?
What is the term for the process by which the uterus lining differentiates?
What is the term for the weeks of pregnancy measured from the last menstrual period?
What is the term for the weeks of pregnancy measured from the last menstrual period?
What is the term for the formation of the corpus luteum?
What is the term for the formation of the corpus luteum?
What is the typical duration of the capability of the sperm to fertilize an egg cell?
What is the typical duration of the capability of the sperm to fertilize an egg cell?
What is the main function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?
What is the main function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?
What is the approximate number of sperm that enter the cervix during ejaculation?
What is the approximate number of sperm that enter the cervix during ejaculation?
What is the term for the process of the zygote implanting into the uterine lining?
What is the term for the process of the zygote implanting into the uterine lining?
What is the term for the fluid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy?
What is the term for the fluid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy?
What is the primary function of the placenta?
What is the primary function of the placenta?
What is the term for the cord that connects the fetus to the placenta?
What is the term for the cord that connects the fetus to the placenta?
What is the approximate percentage of water in the amniotic fluid?
What is the approximate percentage of water in the amniotic fluid?
What is the primary focus of the course on July 18, 2023?
What is the primary focus of the course on July 18, 2023?
What is the content of section 1 in the Inhaltsverzeichnis?
What is the content of section 1 in the Inhaltsverzeichnis?
What is the significance of the Jungfernhäutchen (Hymen) in the Genitalsystem?
What is the significance of the Jungfernhäutchen (Hymen) in the Genitalsystem?
What is the topic of the course on July 24, 2023?
What is the topic of the course on July 24, 2023?
What is the name of the outer genital organ that includes the Mons pubis, Labia pudendi, and Clitoris?
What is the name of the outer genital organ that includes the Mons pubis, Labia pudendi, and Clitoris?
What is the relationship between the Harn- and Geschlechtsweg?
What is the relationship between the Harn- and Geschlechtsweg?
What is the significance of the topografisch distinction in the Urogenitalsystem?
What is the significance of the topografisch distinction in the Urogenitalsystem?
What is the purpose of the Inhaltsverzeichnis?
What is the purpose of the Inhaltsverzeichnis?
What is the percentage of women who experience nausea during pregnancy?
What is the percentage of women who experience nausea during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a consequence of the increased blood volume during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a consequence of the increased blood volume during pregnancy?
What is the percentage of women who experience varicose veins during pregnancy?
What is the percentage of women who experience varicose veins during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a potential complication of pregnancy-related thrombocytosis?
Which of the following is a potential complication of pregnancy-related thrombocytosis?
What is the average weight gain during pregnancy for a normal-weight woman?
What is the average weight gain during pregnancy for a normal-weight woman?
Which of the following is a feature of the fetal presentation?
Which of the following is a feature of the fetal presentation?
What is the percentage of women who experience depression during pregnancy?
What is the percentage of women who experience depression during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a consequence of the increased plasma volume during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a consequence of the increased plasma volume during pregnancy?
What is the percentage of women who experience heartburn during pregnancy?
What is the percentage of women who experience heartburn during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a complication of pregnancy-related changes in the gastrointestinal system?
Which of the following is a complication of pregnancy-related changes in the gastrointestinal system?
What is the primary function of the Senkwehen?
What is the primary function of the Senkwehen?
What is the main difference between Eröffnungsperiode and Austrittsperiode?
What is the main difference between Eröffnungsperiode and Austrittsperiode?
What is the primary risk associated with the Austrittsperiode?
What is the primary risk associated with the Austrittsperiode?
What is the main function of Nachgeburtswehen?
What is the main function of Nachgeburtswehen?
What is the average duration of the Nachgeburtsperiode?
What is the average duration of the Nachgeburtsperiode?
What is the definition of the Wochenbett?
What is the definition of the Wochenbett?
What is the primary function of the Vagina during labor?
What is the primary function of the Vagina during labor?
What is the term for the passage of the fetus through the vulva?
What is the term for the passage of the fetus through the vulva?
What is the primary cause of maternal morbidity during the Austrittsperiode?
What is the primary cause of maternal morbidity during the Austrittsperiode?
What is the term for the bloody discharge that occurs during the Wochenbett?
What is the term for the bloody discharge that occurs during the Wochenbett?
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Study Notes
Gynecology
Timetable
- Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology of Genital Organs: 09:45-15:15, 18.07.2023
- Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology of Female Breast: 08:00-15:15, 20.07.2023
- Pathology: 08:00-15:15, 24.07.2023
Contents
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- Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology of Genital Organs
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- Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology of Female Breast
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- Physiology of Menstrual Cycle
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- Physiology of Pregnancy
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- Physiology of Childbirth
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- Physiology of Postpartum Period
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- Pathology of Genital Organs
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- Pathology of Female Breast
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- Pathology of Pregnancy
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- Pathology of Childbirth
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- References
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- Figure Index
Urogenital System
- Functional separation of urinary and genital systems
- Topographic relationship between urinary and genital organs
Genital System
- Definition: system consisting of male and female reproductive organs
- External genital organs: vulva, labia, clitoris, Bartholin's glands
- Internal genital organs: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
Female Breast
- Definition: mammary gland of the female
- Structure: glandular tissue, fat tissue, connective tissue
- Function: milk production and secretion
Physiology of Pregnancy
- Definition: period from fertilization to birth
- Duration: 280 days = 40 weeks of pregnancy
- Calculation of gestational age: from the first day of the last menstrual period (p.m.)
Fetal Development
- Week 1-2: fertilization and implantation
- Week 3-8: embryonic development
- Week 9-38: fetal development
Pregnancy Symptoms
- Unsere symptoms: amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness
- Certain symptoms: fetal movements, fetal heartbeat, uterine contractions
Hormonal Changes
- Estrogen and progesterone levels increase during pregnancy
- Functions: maintenance of pregnancy, fetal development, preparation for lactation
Placenta and Fetal Development
- Placenta: exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between mother and fetus
- Fetal development: growth and maturation of the fetus
Pregnancy Complications
- Bleeding
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Infections
Childbirth
- Definition: process of giving birth
- Stages: dilation, expulsion, placental stage
- Types: vaginal delivery, cesarean section
Postpartum Period
- Definition: period after childbirth
- Physiological changes: involution of the uterus, lactation, healing of the birth canal### Beckeneingang
- The beckeneingang is divided into four parts: Beckenweite, Beckenenge, Beckenausgang, and the Höhenstand in Führungslinie (Geburtsweg)
Weichteilkanal
- Dehnungs- und Durchtrittsschlauch
- Consists of two parts: innerer Anteil (Uterus, Isthmus uteri, Cervix uteri, Vagina, and Vulva) and äußerer Anteil (Beckenbodenmuskeln)
Vorzeichen
- Ausstoß des zervikalen Schleimpfropfs
- Fruchtwasserabgang (vorzeitiger Blasensprung)
- Häufige Wehen (Abstand von 20-30min)
Wehen
- Definition: Kontraktionen der Uterusmuskulatur zur Geburt von Kind & Plazenta
- Types of Wehen:
- Senkwehen
- Vorwehen
- Eröffnungswehen
- Austrittswehen
- Presswehen
- Nachgeburtswehen
- Nachwehen
Ablauf
Eröffnungsperiode
- Erweiterung des Zervixkanals
- Eröffnung des Muttermundes
- Tiefertreten des kindlichen Kopfes
- Ruptur der Fruchtblase & Austritt von Fruchtwasser
- Dauer: 12h for Erstgebärende, 2-8h for Mehrgebärende
Austrittsperiode
- Absinken des kindlichen Kopfes bis Beckenboden
- Unterstützung der Wehen durch Bauchpresse der Mutter
- Erweiterung der Vagina
- Durchtritt des kindlichen Kopfes durch Vulva
- CAVE: verminderte Durchblutung von Uterus & Plazenta, verminderte Sauerstoffversorgung des Kindes, verstärkter Druck auf kindlichen Kopf
- Maximale Dauer: 60min for Erstgebärende, 20-30min for Mehrgebärende
Nachgeburtsperiode
- Kontraktion des Uterus
- Ablösung & Austreibung der Plazenta (Blutverlust bis 300ml)
- Dauer: 10-20min
Wochenbett
- Definition: Zeitraum der Rückbildung von Schwangerschafts- und Geburtsveränderungen
- Dauer: 6-8 Wochen
- Mechanismus: Nachwehen: Blutstillung der Uteruswunde, Sekretion von 200-500ml Wochenfluss (Lochien)
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