204 Pathology of Female Genital Tract 2: Ovaries

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During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, what is the state of the endometrium?

Secretory

Luteal

Proliferative (correct)

Menstrual

What is the primary reason ovaries are removed in patients with breast cancer?

To remove the source of testosterone

To remove the source of oestrogen (correct)

To remove the source of progesterone

To remove the source of estrogen receptors

What is the name of the structure that develops from a follicle after ovulation?

Follicular cyst

Graafian follicle

Corpus luteum (correct)

Corpus albicantis

What is the characteristic of the cells of the Corpus Luteum on microscopic examination?

They are pale and appear white Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Corpus luteum?

To secrete progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that remains after the Corpus luteum has degenerated?

Corpus albicantis Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimens are submitted to the lab from the ovary?

Surgical and biopsy specimens Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the ovum in a developing ovarian follicle?

Pink wall (zona pellucida) and follicular cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the intact cyst in Case 1?

475g Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the fluid inside the multilocular cyst?

‘Dirty’ fluid with greasy material Signup and view all the answers

Which germ cell layer does bone originate from?

Mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of torsion of an ovarian cyst?

Rupture with resultant peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

What determines the hair color inside a dermoid cyst?

Genetic makeup of the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is torsion of an ovarian cyst?

Twisting of the cyst on its pedicle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is derived from the endoderm germ cell layer?

Large bowel mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cyst in Case 1?

Multilocular with ‘dirty’ fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cell of origin for surface epithelial tumours?

Surface epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with post-menopausal bleeding. What type of stromal tumour may be responsible for this symptom?

Granulosa cell tumour Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a cyst?

A closed hollow lesion lined by epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumour that arises from the three germ cell layers?

Teratoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of ovarian tumours based on?

Tissue of origin, macroscopic appearance, and contents of the cyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of serous cystic tumours?

Secrete watery fluid Signup and view all the answers

Why did the 26-year-old woman not have an MRI or CT scan?

Because she was pregnant Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumour that may have eyes and limbs?

Teratoma Signup and view all the answers

What question would a GP ask a female patient during a consultation?

When was your last menstrual period? Signup and view all the answers

What type of test would a GP perform in their office after examining the patient?

Pregnancy test Signup and view all the answers

What did the MRI scan of the ovarian cyst reveal?

A unilocular cyst with no complex structures Signup and view all the answers

What organ is the cyst 'sitting' on, according to the MRI?

Bladder Signup and view all the answers

What symptom did the patient experience due to the ovarian cyst?

Increased frequency of urination Signup and view all the answers

What other possible symptoms could the patient have experienced due to the ovarian cyst?

Constipation and shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

Why did the gynaecologist drain the cyst prior to surgery?

To reduce the risk of bursting the cyst during surgery Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid did the gynaecologist drain from the cyst?

Dark watery fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of ovarian tumours in post-menopausal women?

Abdominal distension and weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the variation in nuclear size and shape of tumour cells?

Pleomorphism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the twisting of an ovarian cyst/tumour on its pedicle, leading to an acute abdomen?

Torsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ovarian tumour in Case 4?

Multilocular and haemorrhagic Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological diagnosis of the ovarian tumour in Case 4?

Poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of mitotic figures in the ovarian tumour in Case 4?

Indicates a malignant tumour Signup and view all the answers

What was the volume of fluid drained from the ovarian cyst in Case 5?

12 litres Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal connection between the ovarian tumour and the bowel in Case 4?

Adhesion Signup and view all the answers