40 Questions
During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, what is the state of the endometrium?
Proliferative
What is the primary reason ovaries are removed in patients with breast cancer?
To remove the source of oestrogen
What is the name of the structure that develops from a follicle after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
What is the characteristic of the cells of the Corpus Luteum on microscopic examination?
They are pale and appear white
What is the function of the Corpus luteum?
To secrete progesterone
What is the name of the structure that remains after the Corpus luteum has degenerated?
Corpus albicantis
What type of specimens are submitted to the lab from the ovary?
Surgical and biopsy specimens
What surrounds the ovum in a developing ovarian follicle?
Pink wall (zona pellucida) and follicular cells
What is the weight of the intact cyst in Case 1?
475g
What is the characteristic of the fluid inside the multilocular cyst?
‘Dirty’ fluid with greasy material
Which germ cell layer does bone originate from?
Mesoderm
What is the complication of torsion of an ovarian cyst?
Rupture with resultant peritonitis
What determines the hair color inside a dermoid cyst?
Genetic makeup of the patient
What is torsion of an ovarian cyst?
Twisting of the cyst on its pedicle
Which of the following tissues is derived from the endoderm germ cell layer?
Large bowel mucosa
What is the characteristic of the cyst in Case 1?
Multilocular with ‘dirty’ fluid
What is the primary cell of origin for surface epithelial tumours?
Surface epithelial cells
A patient presents with post-menopausal bleeding. What type of stromal tumour may be responsible for this symptom?
Granulosa cell tumour
What is the characteristic of a cyst?
A closed hollow lesion lined by epithelium
What is the term for a tumour that arises from the three germ cell layers?
Teratoma
What is the classification of ovarian tumours based on?
Tissue of origin, macroscopic appearance, and contents of the cyst
What is the characteristic of serous cystic tumours?
Secrete watery fluid
Why did the 26-year-old woman not have an MRI or CT scan?
Because she was pregnant
What is the term for a tumour that may have eyes and limbs?
Teratoma
What question would a GP ask a female patient during a consultation?
When was your last menstrual period?
What type of test would a GP perform in their office after examining the patient?
Pregnancy test
What did the MRI scan of the ovarian cyst reveal?
A unilocular cyst with no complex structures
What organ is the cyst 'sitting' on, according to the MRI?
Bladder
What symptom did the patient experience due to the ovarian cyst?
Increased frequency of urination
What other possible symptoms could the patient have experienced due to the ovarian cyst?
Constipation and shortness of breath
Why did the gynaecologist drain the cyst prior to surgery?
To reduce the risk of bursting the cyst during surgery
What type of fluid did the gynaecologist drain from the cyst?
Dark watery fluid
What is a common presentation of ovarian tumours in post-menopausal women?
Abdominal distension and weight gain
What is the term for the variation in nuclear size and shape of tumour cells?
Pleomorphism
What is the term for the twisting of an ovarian cyst/tumour on its pedicle, leading to an acute abdomen?
Torsion
What is the characteristic of the ovarian tumour in Case 4?
Multilocular and haemorrhagic
What is the histological diagnosis of the ovarian tumour in Case 4?
Poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinoma
What is the significance of mitotic figures in the ovarian tumour in Case 4?
Indicates a malignant tumour
What was the volume of fluid drained from the ovarian cyst in Case 5?
12 litres
What is the term for the abnormal connection between the ovarian tumour and the bowel in Case 4?
Adhesion
Learn about the changes in the ovary during the menstrual cycle, normal and pathological features of the ovary, and the pathology of common ovarian tumours. This interactive session covers functional microscopic anatomy and more.
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