Pathology of the Female Genital Tract Pt1,
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that determines the classification of SCC of the cervix?

  • The amount of keratin produced by the cells (correct)
  • The degree of stromal invasion
  • The amount of mitotic activity in the cells
  • The shape of the cell nuclei

    • Which of the following types of SCC is associated with a poor prognosis?

  • Well-differentiated SCC
  • Poorly differentiated SCC (correct)
  • Undifferentiated SCC
  • Moderately differentiated SCC

    • What is the primary source of oestrogens in the body?

  • Ovaries (correct)
  • Adrenal glands
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland

    • What is the primary symptom presented by the 68-year-old woman in the case study?

    <p>Abnormal uterine bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium show mitotic activity?

    <p>Proliferative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ordering an MRI in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer?

    <p>To assess the extent of myometrial invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the early secretory phase endometrium?

    <p>Subnuclear vacuolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gross specimen from the hysterectomy show?

    <p>Cancer involving over 50% of the myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs does not produce oestrogens?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cancer cells resemble the cells of origin?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grade of the endometrial cancer in the case study?

    <p>Well-differentiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the corresponding phase of the ovary during the proliferative phase of the endometrium?

    <p>Follicular phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for grading endometrial cancer?

    <p>How closely the cancer cells resemble normal endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of poorly differentiated endometrial cancer?

    <p>It has a high rate of proliferation and propensity to invade blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FIGO stage of the endometrial cancer in the case study?

    <p>Stage IB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of poor differentiation in endometrial cancer?

    <p>It is associated with a higher propensity to invade blood vessels and lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelium of the ectocervix?

    <p>Non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the endocervical mucosa differentiates into squamous epithelium?

    <p>Metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the procedure used to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)?

    <p>LLETZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area where the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix meets the columnar epithelium of the endocervix?

    <p>Squamocolumnar Junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cancer that can develop from the endocervical mucosa?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the precancerous changes that can occur in the cervix?

    <p>Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus associated with cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia?

    <p>Human Papillomavirus (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the removal of the uterus as a treatment for early cervical cancer?

    <p>Hysterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main staging system used in Gynaecological cancers?

    <p>FIGO staging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'T' in TNM staging represent?

    <p>Tumour size or depth of invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for a patient with a higher number of lymph nodes involved in cancer?

    <p>Poorer prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'M' in TNM staging represent?

    <p>Metastasis to liver, lung, brain, bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between stage and grade in cancer?

    <p>DO NOT CONFUSE STAGE and GRADE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a higher T number in TNM staging?

    <p>Poorer prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of staging in cancer?

    <p>To determine the prognosis of the cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a site of metastasis in TNM staging?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate five-year survival rate for patients with Stage T1 cancers?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for hysterectomy in the post-partum period?

    <p>Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a placenta that is morbidly adherent and usually requires manual removal?

    <p>Placenta accreta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual site of Caesarean section?

    <p>Lower uterine segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of abruptio placenta?

    <p>Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual gestational age for detection of a gestational sac in the uterus?

    <p>6-7 weeks after LMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)?

    <p>Uterine atony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual management of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy?

    <p>Laparoscopic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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