Leprosy and Tuberculosis Overview

Study Notes

Caused by Mycobacterium Leprae, primarily affecting skin, nerves, and mucous membranes.
Clinical features include well-defined red macules, purple papules on the hard palate, and ulcers on the tongue and palate.
Oral manifestations may lead to skin problems, loss of sensation, and paralysis of extremities.
Differentiating from other conditions is crucial (cancer, ulcers, etc.).
Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is essential for treatment, categorized into Pauci-Bacillary (6 months) and Multi-Bacillary (12 months) regimens.

Caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, highly infectious via airborne droplets.
Clinical signs include low-grade fever, night sweats, cough with blood, and weight loss.
Oral manifestations may present as painless ulcers with associated lymph nodes swelling.
Types include Pulmonary TB (lungs) and Scrofula (cervical lymph nodes).
Treatment involves a strict regimen of antibiotics over 6-12 months.

Caused by Actinomyces Israelii, an anaerobic bacterium.
Types include cervicofacial, abdominal, thoracic, and pelvic infections.
Symptoms in men include burning urination, testicular pain, and possible asymptomatic cases.
Women may experience painful urination and increased vaginal discharge.
Treatment includes long-term antibiotics and possible surgical drainage.

A rare condition characterized by rapid gangrenous sores, primarily affecting undernourished children.
Caused by fusospirochetal organisms, leading to severe tissue destruction.
Symptoms include foul-smelling discharge, tissue necrosis, and significant inflammation.
Treatment involves antibiotics, improved nutrition, and potentially reconstructive surgery.

A sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.
Symptoms include joint pain, potential heart valve infection, and can be transmitted from mother to child during delivery.
Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as cephalosporins.

Highly infectious viral disease predominantly affecting children aged 5-15.
Caused by the Paramyxovirus, leading to swollen parotid glands, fever, and malaise.
Prevention includes vaccination and good hygiene practices.
Oral lesions may include gingivostomatitis and petechiae in the mouth.

A viral infection caused by Coxsackie virus, common in children during summer.
Symptoms include fever, pain, and ulcers in the throat, which heal without complications.
Treatment is supportive, focusing on hydration and comfort.

Taste disorders such as hypogeusia, dysgeusia, and ageusia may occur, with treatment including zinc.
Oral mucosal lesions may develop, requiring local treatment and good oral hygiene.
Macroglossia can be managed with hydration techniques and moisturizing agents.
Loose teeth may also be a concern and should be addressed with a dental professional.