Leisure, Tourism, and Sport Paper 1 Overview

Investing in infrastructure like stadiums, transport, and hotels for a major event like the World Cup.

The costs associated with hosting an event that aren't directly related to the event itself, such as lost productivity or environmental damage.

The positive impacts on a country's economy resulting from an event, such as increased tourism and investment.

The pressure to meet deadlines and standards when preparing for a major event, which can lead to rushed construction and safety concerns.

The global recognition and positive image a country gains by hosting a major international event.

The financial burden on a country's economy due to the costs of hosting a major event, potentially diverting funds from other important sectors.

The potential for attracting more foreign investment due to the positive perception created by hosting a successful major event.

The ability to showcase a country's culture, arts, and traditions to a global audience through hosting a major international event.

Areas where people struggle to afford healthy food due to limited access to affordable grocery stores, often relying on overpriced convenience stores.

Foods heavily processed with added ingredients like sugars, fats, and salt, often contributing to unhealthy diets.

Conflict or political unrest that can disrupt food production, distribution, or access, exacerbating existing hunger.

Imposing restrictions on trade, transportation, or aid to control the flow of supplies, potentially worsening famine.

Government programs designed to address food security, poverty, and malnutrition, often targeting vulnerable populations.

International organizations that provide aid, expertise, and resources to address humanitarian crises, including food shortages, in both immediate and long-term ways.

The reliance on imports for a significant portion of food supply, making a country vulnerable to disruptions in trade or access.

The act of using hunger or starvation as a weapon of war, deliberately denying essential food and aid to a population.

The expansion of large fast-food chains like McDonald's and PepsiCo into new markets, particularly in developing countries, has led to a shift in dietary habits towards energy-dense, processed foods.

The introduction of a sugar tax in Mexico resulted in a decrease in the purchase of sugary drinks, especially among lower-income families.

The Eatwell Guide (EWG) in the UK provides dietary recommendations to promote healthy eating habits. However, a study found that a significant portion of schoolchildren did not meet these recommendations.

Subsidies for corn production in the United States have significantly contributed to the increased consumption of high fructose corn syrup, which has been linked to rising obesity rates.

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) works with countries to develop and implement food-based dietary guidelines, promoting evidence-based recommendations for healthy eating.

Low-income areas in the UK often lack access to affordable fresh produce, leading to dietary disparities and potential health issues.

The presence of large, global food corporations can influence dietary shifts towards processed foods, often impacting low-income populations.

The increasing global presence of fast food chains has contributed to a global shift towards high-calorie, processed foods, particularly in developing countries.

Increasing purchasing power through cash transfers can stimulate local markets and support small businesses, aiding economic recovery.

In fragile markets, sudden cash influx can lead to price increases, negating the intended benefits.

Distributing cash in conflict zones can be risky, requiring strict security measures.

Fraud and misuse of cash transfers require strong monitoring systems to ensure intended beneficiaries receive the aid.

Logistical challenges, targeting issues, and infrastructure limitations can hinder cash transfer programs, leaving some in need without assistance.

Cash transfer programs empower recipients, stimulate local economies, and offer flexible and dignified support compared to in-kind aid.

Cash transfer programs are a valuable tool to address food insecurity, especially in crisis situations.

The UNDP's initiatives in Yemen focus on supporting water sanitation, agricultural development, and women's empowerment to improve food security and economic livelihoods.

The spread of innovations outward from a central area, maintaining its strength in the origin.

The spread of innovations through the physical movement of individuals.

Factors that hinder the spread of innovations, including physical (mountains, climate), economic (cost), political (policies), and social (cultural resistance).

The frequency or rate of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time.

The proportion of a population with a specific disease at a given time.

An outbreak of disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people.

The worldwide spread of a new disease.

Diseases associated with low-income populations, often including infectious diseases and those related to malnutrition.

The state of being without enough food, affecting a significant portion of the population (over 20 million people).

Chronic malnutrition, where children under five lack essential nutrients, affecting their physical and mental development.

A severe form of malnutrition where children are dangerously thin due to lack of food intake, leading to weakened immune systems.

The situation where a country relies heavily on imports for its food needs, as opposed to producing enough locally.

The conflict has destroyed infrastructure, displaced people, and disrupted food supply chains and agricultural production.

Limited access to clean water due to over-extraction and inefficient irrigation practices, exacerbating food production challenges.

A significant decline in the value of Yemen's currency, leading to a dramatic increase in food prices.

The inability of Yemen's government to implement effective policies due to political instability and weak institutions.