Leishmaniasis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three general leishmaniasis syndromes?

Visceral, subcutaneous, and ocular
Cutaneous, ocular, and neurologic
Cutaneous, subcutaneous, and mucosal
Visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal (correct)

Which of the following is true about leishmaniasis?

It is a bacterial infection
It is associated with high-income countries
It is transmitted by mosquitoes
It is endemic to nearly 100 countries (correct)

What is the second deadliest parasitic disease after malaria?

Visceral leishmaniasis (correct)
None of the above
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Mucosal leishmaniasis

What is the classic clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis?

Fever, wasting, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and hypergammaglobulinemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is leishmaniasis transmitted?

Through sandfly bites (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported in 2015?

4 million (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Localized, non-healing, painless, often ulcerative skin lesion(s) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis?

Demonstration of the amastigote using histopathology, special culturing, or molecular methods (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of visceral leishmaniasis?

Leishmania donovani complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of new cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported in 2015?

61,000 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Mucosal leishmaniasis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy(s) has replaced the traditional pentavalent antimony therapy for Leishmaniasis in much of the world?

Miltefosine and Liposomal amphotericin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the immune response to Leishmaniasis primarily mediated by?

T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is parasitologic diagnosis in the context of Leishmaniasis?

Diagnosis based on demonstration of amastigotes in tissues or clinical specimens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of parasitologic response end points?

To assess response to treatment in research studies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the life cycle of Leishmania?

Promastigotes from an infected female sandfly are introduced into the skin of a vertebrate host during a blood meal. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical behavior of phlebotomine sandflies?

They are generally weak fliers, inactive in daylight, and seek shelter in dark places (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the persistence of viable parasites in healed scars of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Immune response (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic approach is the most sensitive for Leishmaniasis?

Molecular-based assays (D) Signup and view all the answers

How long after acquiring Leishmania are sandflies capable of disease transmission?

7-10 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for reactivation of visceral leishmaniasis after immunosuppression?

Old foci of infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why may a treatment regimen that is efficacious in one area not be efficacious in another?

Genetic background of human hosts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensitivity of PCR in diagnosing Leishmaniasis?

93% (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long do Leishmania-infected sandflies remain infective?

A few weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many Leishmania parasites are required to cause infection?

5-10 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the efficacy of miltefosine treatment for L. (V.) braziliensis CL in Guatemala?

45% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a splenic aspiration in Leishmaniasis treatment?

To assess parasitologic response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for sustained clinical cure in patients with AIDS-Leishmania co-infections?

Intact cellular immune response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cell-mediated immunity in Leishmaniasis?

It causes tissue destruction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Leishmaniasis Syndromes

Visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal.

Leishmaniasis Distribution

Leishmaniasis is endemic to nearly 100 countries.