29 Questions
What are the three general leishmaniasis syndromes?
Visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal
Which of the following is true about leishmaniasis?
It is endemic to nearly 100 countries
What is the second deadliest parasitic disease after malaria?
Visceral leishmaniasis
What is the classic clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis?
Fever, wasting, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and hypergammaglobulinemia
How is leishmaniasis transmitted?
Through sandfly bites
What is the estimated number of new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported in 2015?
4 million
What is the typical clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Localized, non-healing, painless, often ulcerative skin lesion(s)
What is the definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis?
Demonstration of the amastigote using histopathology, special culturing, or molecular methods
What is the most common cause of visceral leishmaniasis?
Leishmania donovani complex
What is the estimated number of new cases of visceral leishmaniasis reported in 2015?
61,000
Which of the following is a complication of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Mucosal leishmaniasis
Which therapy(s) has replaced the traditional pentavalent antimony therapy for Leishmaniasis in much of the world?
Miltefosine and Liposomal amphotericin
What is the immune response to Leishmaniasis primarily mediated by?
T cells
What is parasitologic diagnosis in the context of Leishmaniasis?
Diagnosis based on demonstration of amastigotes in tissues or clinical specimens
What is the purpose of parasitologic response end points?
To assess response to treatment in research studies
What is the first step in the life cycle of Leishmania?
Promastigotes from an infected female sandfly are introduced into the skin of a vertebrate host during a blood meal.
What is the typical behavior of phlebotomine sandflies?
They are generally weak fliers, inactive in daylight, and seek shelter in dark places
What is the reason for the persistence of viable parasites in healed scars of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Immune response
Which diagnostic approach is the most sensitive for Leishmaniasis?
Molecular-based assays
How long after acquiring Leishmania are sandflies capable of disease transmission?
7-10 days
What is the reason for reactivation of visceral leishmaniasis after immunosuppression?
Old foci of infection
Why may a treatment regimen that is efficacious in one area not be efficacious in another?
Genetic background of human hosts
What is the sensitivity of PCR in diagnosing Leishmaniasis?
93%
How long do Leishmania-infected sandflies remain infective?
A few weeks
How many Leishmania parasites are required to cause infection?
5-10
What is the efficacy of miltefosine treatment for L. (V.) braziliensis CL in Guatemala?
45%
What is the purpose of a splenic aspiration in Leishmaniasis treatment?
To assess parasitologic response
What is required for sustained clinical cure in patients with AIDS-Leishmania co-infections?
Intact cellular immune response
What is the role of cell-mediated immunity in Leishmaniasis?
It causes tissue destruction
Study Notes
Test your knowledge about Leishmaniasis, a complex of protozoan parasitic diseases transmitted by sandflies. Learn about the different types of Leishmaniasis found in nearly 100 countries on five continents, and their association with poverty and conflict. Take this quiz to enhance your understanding of this neglected tropical disease and its impact.
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