10 Questions
The Tertian malaria parasite causes severe anemia due to the rapid multiplication of the parasite in the blood.
True
The Duffy receptor is required for the Quartan malaria parasite to attach and enter RBCs.
False
Malaria is mostly found in Asia and Latin America.
False
The incubation period of Tertian malaria is 6-15 days.
True
Sequestering of infected RBCs in deep blood vessels is a characteristic of Quartan malaria.
False
P.vivax is biologically and morphologically similar to the Tertian malaria parasite.
True
The Tertian malaria parasite causes relapsing fever in infected individuals.
True
The Quartan malaria parasite is more prevalent in areas with high sickle cell anemia.
False
Surface protrusions on infected RBCs are a characteristic of Quartan malaria.
False
The Tertian malaria parasite undergoes erythrocytic stages in the blood until enough merozoites are produced to cause parasitemia.
True
Study Notes
Malaria
- Caused by the parasite Plasmodium, which has four species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale
- Transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito
- Life cycle involves exoerythrocytic stage in the liver, followed by erythrocytic stage in red blood cells
- Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms
- Diagnosis involves blood smears and PCR
- Treatment involves antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies
- Prevention involves using insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and elimination of breeding sites
Plasmodium Species
-
P. falciparum: most severe form of malaria, responsible for most malaria deaths, especially in children and pregnant women
- Causes severe anemia, cerebral malaria, and respiratory distress
- Rapid multiplication in the blood stream can lead to severe blood loss and anemia
-
P. vivax: benign malaria, causes relapses
- Lives in the liver as hypnozoites, which can reactivate and cause relapses
- Relapses can occur years after initial infection
-
P. malariae: quartan malaria, causes a persistent infection
- Symptoms recurring every 72 hours
- P. ovale: very benign malaria, similar to P. vivax
Other Apicomplexans
-
Babesia microti: transmitted by the bite of an infected Ixodid tick
- Found in the East Coast of the US, particularly in the Northeast
- Causes a ring-shaped stage in red blood cells
-
Toxoplasma gondii: can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals
- Found in the gut of cats, and transmitted through contaminated food and water
-
Leishmania Viannia braziliensis: causes cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Found in Brazil and other parts of South America
- Transmitted through the bite of an infected sandfly
General Life Cycle of Apicomplexans
- Merogony: asexual reproduction in the host
- Gametogony: sexual reproduction in the host
- Gametogony (vector): sexual reproduction in the vector (mosquito or tick)
- Sporogony (environment): development of infective stages outside the host
This quiz covers the classification, geographical distribution, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by infection. It includes information on the Phylum and species of the parasite, and how it affects humans.
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