Leishmania Life Cycle

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of attachment of promastigotes to the midgut epithelium?

  • To remain in the insect gut when the blood meal is passed (correct)
  • To differentiate into amastigotes
  • To replicate into metacyclic promastigotes
  • To move to the pharynx and proboscis for infection

Which of the following is responsible for the transmission of leishmaniasis in the Old World?

  • Phlebotomus sand flies (correct)
  • Reduviid bug
  • Lutzomyia sand flies
  • Tsetse fly

What is the role of males in the sand fly life cycle?

  • Haematophagus
  • Nectar feeders
  • Water feeders
  • Sap feeders (correct)

Where is Leishmaniasis commonly transmitted from human to human?

<p>Urban environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of replication of procyclic promastigotes into metacyclic promastigotes?

<p>Midgut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the kinetoplast in promastigotes?

<p>Rod-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a transmission pattern of a disease within a population of wild animals that occasionally infects humans?

<p>Sylvatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment are Phlebotomus species of sandflies typically found?

<p>Semi-arid or savannah areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the way sandflies lay their eggs?

<p>They lay eggs in cracks and crevices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary food source for sandfly larvae?

<p>Decaying organic matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of sandfly flight?

<p>They have a hopping type of flight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of sandfly mouthparts?

<p>They have short, non-piercing mouthparts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not curing the infection but merely making it disappear?

<p>Relapse with onset of espundia many years later (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent sand fly bites?

<p>Applying insect repellent to exposed skin and under clothing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal organs of the body, especially those located in the trunk?

<p>Viscera (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was Leishmania donovani first discovered?

<p>1900 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of Leishmania donovani?

<p>Old World (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Leishmania donovani?

<p>Visceral leishmaniasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lesion caused by L.major?

<p>It ulcerates quickly and is of short duration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking scrapings from the side of an ulcer?

<p>To detect the presence of amastigotes in endothelial cells and monocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis?

<p>Patients develop hundreds of papules, nodules, and plaques throughout the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

<p>Topical application of Paromomycin cream and intravenous administration of glucantime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of uncomplicated ulcers?

<p>They heal within two months to a year, leaving a depressed, unpigmented scar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of culturing the parasite?

<p>To diagnose the infection when amastigotes are undetected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of IFA and ELISA tests for diagnosing Leishmania?

<p>They cross-react with T.cruzi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first oral drug for treating visceral leishmaniasis?

<p>Miltefosine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the parasitic disease that is often confused with leishmaniasis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographic distribution of L.donovani?

<p>Worldwide, but predominantly in India, South America, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Leishmania?

<p>Sand fly bites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the co-infection of Leishmania and HIV?

<p>Leishmaniasis-HIV co-infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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