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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
What is the primary action of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Which nerve supplies the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Which nerve supplies the Fibularis Brevis muscle?
Which area of the foot is not supplied by the Superficial Fibular Nerve?
Which area of the foot is not supplied by the Superficial Fibular Nerve?
How many extensor retinacula are present in the ankle region?
How many extensor retinacula are present in the ankle region?
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What is the anatomical attachment of the superior extensor retinaculum?
What is the anatomical attachment of the superior extensor retinaculum?
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What is the function of the ankle retinacula?
What is the function of the ankle retinacula?
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Which structure lies deep to the extensor retinacula from lateral to medial?
Which structure lies deep to the extensor retinacula from lateral to medial?
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The superior fibular retinaculum extends between which two anatomical landmarks?
The superior fibular retinaculum extends between which two anatomical landmarks?
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Which artery continues onto the dorsal aspect of the foot after passing anterior to the ankle joint?
Which artery continues onto the dorsal aspect of the foot after passing anterior to the ankle joint?
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What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of the anterior tibial artery?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the anterior tibial artery?
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The fibularis longus muscle passes posterior to which anatomical feature?
The fibularis longus muscle passes posterior to which anatomical feature?
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What is the function of the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial artery?
What is the function of the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial artery?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating all muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating all muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which artery supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Which artery supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
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What are the two bones that make up the bony framework of the leg?
What are the two bones that make up the bony framework of the leg?
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Which compartment of the leg contains the ankle dorsiflexors?
Which compartment of the leg contains the ankle dorsiflexors?
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Which muscle is NOT innervated by the deep fibular nerve?
Which muscle is NOT innervated by the deep fibular nerve?
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What is the action performed by the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
What is the action performed by the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
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What is the origin of the anterior tibial artery?
What is the origin of the anterior tibial artery?
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Which of the following muscles is involved in eversion of the foot?
Which of the following muscles is involved in eversion of the foot?
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What action is primarily performed by the tibialis anterior muscle?
What action is primarily performed by the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the great toe?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the great toe?
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What structure contributes to the division of the leg into compartments?
What structure contributes to the division of the leg into compartments?
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Study Notes
Leg Anatomy
- The leg extends from the knee to the ankle joint.
- The leg's bony framework comprises two parallel bones: the tibia (medially) and the fibula (laterally).
- The leg is divided into three compartments: anterior (extensor), posterior (flexor), and lateral (fibular).
- The compartments are separated by interosseous membranes and intermuscular septa.
- The deep fascia attaches to the periosteum of the tibia's anterior and medial borders.
Anterior Compartment
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Muscles: Ankle dorsiflexors (extensors)
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Blood Vessels: Anterior tibial vessels
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Nerves: Deep fibular nerve
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Four muscles dorsiflex the foot, extend the toes and invert the foot
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These muscles are innervated by the deep fibular nerve
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Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, and Fibularis tertius
Leg Compartments
- Anterior compartment: Muscles responsible for dorsiflexion and extending the toes.
- Posterior compartment: Muscles responsible for plantar flexion and flexing the toes.
- Lateral compartment: Muscles responsible for eversion of the foot.
Anterior Tibial Artery
- Arises from the popliteal artery in the posterior compartment.
- Passes into the anterior compartment through the interosseous membrane.
- In the distal leg, it lies between the tendons of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus muscles.
- Passes anterior to the ankle joint and continues as the dorsalis pedis artery on the foot's dorsal aspect.
- Branches of the artery include recurrent branches for anastomosis around the knee, muscular branches, anterior medial and lateral malleolar arteries, and the dorsalis pedis artery.
Deep Fibular Nerve
- Originates from the lateral compartment of the leg from the common fibular nerve.
- Passes deep to extensor digitorum longus, then through the anterior interosseous membrane.
- Descends with the anterior tibial artery.
- Innervates all muscles in the anterior compartment (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius).
- Continues into the dorsal foot and supplies skin between the great and second toes. It also contributes to the innervation of the first two dorsal interossei muscles.
Lateral Compartment
- Muscles: Two evertors of the ankle joint (Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis).
- Blood Vessels: No major artery within the compartment, but supplied by perforating branches of the fibular artery.
- Nerves: Superficial fibular nerve
Muscles
- Fibularis Longus: Originates from the anterolateral fibula and passes to cross the sole and attach to the medial side of the foot, aiding in eversion and plantar flexion.
- Fibularis Brevis: Originates in the lower two thirds of the fibula's lateral surface and attaches to a tubercle on the base of the fifth metatarsal assisting in eversion of the foot.
Fibular Retinacula
- Superior fibular retinaculum: Extends between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.
- Inferior fibular retinaculum: Attaches to the lateral surface of the calcaneus around the fibular trochlea and blends with the inferior extensor retinaculum.
Superficial Fibular Nerve
- Originates from the common fibular nerve in the popliteal fossa near the fibula's neck.
- Supplies the fibular muscles.
- Enters the foot and divides into medial and lateral branches, supplying dorsal areas of the foot (except the web between the great and second toes, supplied by deep fibular nerve, and the lateral side of the little toe supplied by sural branch of tibial nerve).
Ankle Retinacula
- Thickening of deep fascia on the lower leg.
- Includes two extensor retinacula (upper and lower), two fibular retinacula (upper and lower), and one flexor retinaculum.
- Help maintain structures passing from the leg to the foot, preventing displacement.
Extensor Retinacula
- Superior extensor retinaculum: Thickening of deep fascia above ankle joint, attaching to the borders of the fibula and tibia.
- Inferior extensor retinaculum: Y-shaped, attaching at the lateral calcaneus, crossing the foot medially to attach to the medial malleolus and plantar aponeurosis on the medial side of the foot.
Structures Deep to Extensor Retinacula
- From lateral to medial: Tendon of fibularis tertius, tendon of extensor digitorum longus, dorsalis pedis artery, tendon of extensor hallucis longus, and tendon of tibialis anterior.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the leg, focusing on its structure and the specific compartments. This quiz covers details about muscles, blood vessels, and nerves crucial for leg function. Ideal for students of anatomy and physiology.
