Lecture 7: Selves and Identity

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Questions and Answers

What term does Adam Pearson use to describe the casting of able-bodied actors in roles portraying disabled characters?

Cripping up (correct)

Disability appropriation

Blackface

Ableism

According to the content, how is disability predominantly framed?

As a purely biological limitation devoid of social influence

As a subjective experience influenced by cultural norms (correct)

As an objective condition that is universally understood

As a stigma that must be hidden from society

What does Merrick's story exemplify regarding disability representation?

The ability of disabled people to completely fit into normal societal roles

The importance of authentic representation by disabled actors

The performative aspect of disabilities turning into abilities (correct)

The exclusion of disabled individuals from mainstream narratives

Which statement best describes cultural affordances in disabilities?

Cultural norms communicate varying perceptions of normality and disability Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential effect of constructing a norm that divides ability from disability?

It could protect people by providing clarity in definitions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is highlighted as a common argument distinguishing humans from non-human beings?

Consciousness and culture Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to prove the argument related to animal consciousness?

Animal consciousness is subjective and difficult to measure Signup and view all the answers

What societal effect does the portrayal of abilities and disabilities in media likely have?

It diverts attention from the actual problems faced by disabled individuals Signup and view all the answers

What does Marx consider as the essence of humans?

Work as craft Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alienation involves a disconnect between individuals and their surroundings?

Alienation between people and their surrounding (nature/culture) Signup and view all the answers

How does capitalism transform work-as-craft according to Marx?

By turning it into work-as-labor Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to individuals losing their sense of self according to the discussed theory?

Alienation from their essence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is suggested as a remedy against alienation?

Bringing community back to the workplace Signup and view all the answers

What role does the affective economy play in contemporary identity according to Marx?

It influences the quest for fulfillment Signup and view all the answers

How does alienation impact individuals' connection to their professions?

It can feel like losing part of their identity Signup and view all the answers

What kind of relationships are suggested as important in combating feelings of alienation?

Human relations such as friendships and love Signup and view all the answers

What effect does urban anonymity have on an individual's sense of self?

It allows for personal freedom and independence. Signup and view all the answers

Why do some individuals seek to lose themselves according to certain religious beliefs?

To reach higher spiritual realities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a negative consequence of losing oneself in urban life?

Loss of a sense of belonging to a culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about losing oneself to hobbies or work?

It results in neglecting personal well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What role do societal pressures play in the desire to sacrifice oneself?

They eliminate any sense of personal choice. Signup and view all the answers

In strong community settings, what irony is mentioned regarding self-discovery?

Self-discovery is made more challenging in strong communities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential positive outcome of losing oneself in modern urban life?

Freedom to explore personal interests without scrutiny. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is often cited as a reason for personal sacrifice?

A cause believed to be greater than oneself. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of constructing a Self in relation to the Other?

Discrimination and violence Signup and view all the answers

How does a person’s feeling of being Othered potentially impact their reality?

It can become their reality over time Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of coining an 'other' in cultures?

Heightened conflict between cultural groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe the nature of miscommunication?

Occurred only between friends Signup and view all the answers

How can losing oneself temporarily be beneficial?

It can serve as an act of self-protection Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises from the alienation theory regarding individual needs?

Creation of authoritarian environments Signup and view all the answers

What effect can the Self/Other dichotomy have on social structures?

It can justify oppression and maintain inequality Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason why individuals engage in voluntary work during crises?

Out of a sense of purpose Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a counter-strategy to social exclusion in the context of Otherness?

Celebrating shared Otherness Signup and view all the answers

Which notion contributes to the formation of the self in interpersonal interactions?

Affective experiences and feelings Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for achieving effective communication across cultures?

Mutual understanding Signup and view all the answers

How can the attempt to understand the Other relate to power dynamics?

It can be a mechanism of power Signup and view all the answers

What can justify acts of self-sacrifice according to the discussion on martyrdom?

Enforcing change within a community Signup and view all the answers

What type of relations do capital cities develop with the countries they represent?

Complex relations that often counteract nationalism Signup and view all the answers

What psychological condition can be compared with losing a stable sense of self?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential new problem linked to the solution of self-loss for communal benefit?

Abuse of community uniformity Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason often cited by European museums for not repatriating cultural objects?

European museums have superior storage facilities. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of understanding cultures, what does translation represent?

An active process that can alter meanings. Signup and view all the answers

How might understanding different cultures be viewed?

As a relational process that can increase or decrease distance. Signup and view all the answers

What complexity arises in the historical narrative of Joseph Merrick's life?

It is difficult to distinguish between compassion and exploitation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implicit question associated with the term 'disability'?

Unable to do what? Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'understanding the Other' refer to in the context of cultural exchange?

Reducing the distance between one’s own culture and another. Signup and view all the answers

What role does affective (mis)communication play in the understanding of cultures?

It precedes understanding and can lead to confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the notion that understanding can serve as a 'weapon, shield, or shelter'?

Cultural understanding can be used to oppress or protect. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture 7: "Selves"

Nation-state: Cultural organization based on the myth of nativity.
Society: Cultural organization based on interdependency.
Civilization: Cultural organization based on claims of superiority.
Community: Cultural organization based on the acceptance of obligation.
World: Cultural organization based on desire for coherence.
Identity is what stays the same (identical).
Identity is perceived by others or expressed by them.
Self is experienced internally, not how others perceive you.
Identity is influenced by others (e.g., authority figures, peers).
Self-perception often coincides with social perception.
Self-perception can be shaped by social pressures.
People may want to lose their selves or sacrifice themselves (e.g., for a cause).
Alienation from culture can lead to a loss of self.
Alienation, a state of depersonalization, occurs when self-identity feels unreal.
Alienation can result from the criticism of capitalism.
To Marx, human essence comes from work (craft, not labor).
Work as craft is more meaningful than work as labor which is a scheme to fulfill a need.
Four kinds of alienation are alienation from nature/culture, between people, between people and work, and within people.

Lecture 8: "Others"

Cultures construct an "other" to define themselves.
Defining an other often leads to consequences such as discrimination.
Urban environments intensify cultural interactions, leading to complexity in defining self and other.
Interaction implies the construction of a "self" and an "other".
Perspectives on "self" and "other" vary.
Cooperation arises when perspectives on "self" and "other" can tolerate each other.
Conflict arises when perspectives on "self" and "other" cannot tolerate each other.
"Self" is often seen as the norm in cultural interactions.

Lecture 9

Translation is needed to understand other cultures.
Cultural differences in expressions & norms can impact understanding.
Miscommunication can arise when there are different understandings of a communication.
Cultural interactions require effort to share mutual understanding.
Culture is linked to particular ways of interacting with technology.
Communication and technology affect how we view ourselves and others.

Lecture 10: "(Dis)abled Selves"

Disability is impacted by historical and cultural contexts.
Disability perceptions vary across cultures and time periods.
The term "disability" implies an inability to do something.
Defining cultural affordances with disability requires examining how it is expressed in a context.
Examining historical contexts to learn how disability was determined and perceived.
Evaluating how actions, such as medical interventions, were used for and against those with perceived disabilities.

Lecture 11: Animal Selves

Distinguishing humans from non-human beings is challenging.
Consciousness and culture are often used to differentiate human beings from other beings.
There is debate about whether animals have a sense of self or collective belonging.
Questions arise about levels of understanding animals' cultures.

Lecture 12: Mixtures of Being

Humans are inherently intertwined with technology.
The combination of "human" with technology makes humans "artificial."
Technologies deeply influence and change how we live.
Cultural identity is tied in with various technologies.
Humans and technologies are in a symbiotic relationship.

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Explore the complex concepts of self, identity, and the various cultural organizations that shape our perceptions in Lecture 7. This quiz delves into how identity is influenced by external perceptions, social pressures, and the impact of alienation in modern society. Understand the distinctions between self and identity and the implications of these theories in a capitalist world.