Lecture 5: Gums and Mucilage

A type of parenchyma tissue, elongated (e.g., palisade) or rounded (e.g., spongy), containing chloroplasts.

A fundamental type of plant tissue, often elongated (as palisade mesophyll) or rounded (as spongy mesophyll).

Elongated parenchyma cells, packed with chloroplasts, mainly involved in photosynthesis.

Rounded parenchyma cells with spaces between them, aiding gas exchange in leaves.

Cell organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

Drugs produced and regulated by a recognized authority, often with manufacturing standards and quality control.

Drugs lacking formal regulation, often produced without quality standards or authority oversight.

Drugs with approved labeling, manufacturing processes, and usage, often legally available.

Drugs not authorized or controlled by authorities; often not legally available or have dubious efficacy/safety.

Essential metabolites necessary for basic life functions, common to most organisms.

Metabolites not essential for basic life; often involved in defense or other specialized functions.

The outermost layer of skin/plant epidermis; often exposed to the environment.

The inner layer of skin/plant epidermis; closer to internal tissues.

Specialized cells in plant epidermis that regulate stomatal opening for gas exchange.

General skin/plant cells that make up a protective layer.

Determine the identity/composition of a given unknown powder.

Microscopic analysis of a powdered substance to determine its physical characteristics.

The external form or outline of a powder particle under a microscope.

The way powder particles clump or group together.

A marking (or central pit) on a seed-like particle.

Long, thin markings or lines on the surface of a particle.

A solution of glycerin in a small amount of liquid. Used for sample mounting.

A dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. Used to treat or identify some samples.

Samples prepared for microscopic examination.

Make a diagram of the sample, labeling its features.

A summary statement regarding the powder sample's identity.

The plant cell wall protects the cell's contents, limits its size, and facilitates transport, absorption, and secretion of substances.

Plant tissue responsible for support, storage, and photosynthesis.

Plant tissue involved in support and conduction/transport.

Plant tissue that covers and protects the plant, including the epidermis.

A type of ground tissue that performs various functions, including support, storage, and photosynthesis.

Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals in a plant.

Vascular tissue that transports food (sugars) in a plant.

The outermost layer of cells in plants, acting as a protective covering.

A waxy layer that covers the epidermis of a plant, minimizing water loss.

Unlike other plant cells that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, epidermal cells do not.

Complex polysaccharides, a type of dietary and functional fiber, made of sugars and uronic acid.

Gums are pathological (from injuries) while mucilage are physiological (from metabolism).

Amorphous, translucent solids, insoluble in alcohol and many organic solvents, often containing salts (calcium, potassium, magnesium).

Usually formed from cell wall or deposited layers; often a typical plant substance.

An inorganic waste product found in plant tissues, formed from calcium and oxalic acid.

Water molecules incorporated into the crystal structure of a substance.

Calcium oxalate does not dissolve in alcohol.

Calcium oxalate does not dissolve in acetic acid.

A solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) will affect calcium oxalate over time.

Biochemical processes in plants, including the production of oxalic acid.