Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of network is typically restricted to a single building or complex?
Which type of network is typically restricted to a single building or complex?
What characterizes an Open Network?
What characterizes an Open Network?
Which network type spans an entire country or multiple countries?
Which network type spans an entire country or multiple countries?
A network controlled by a particular company for profit is known as what?
A network controlled by a particular company for profit is known as what?
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Which of the following is NOT a component associated with an Operating System (OS)?
Which of the following is NOT a component associated with an Operating System (OS)?
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What term describes the switching and sharing of CPU time among processes?
What term describes the switching and sharing of CPU time among processes?
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In networking, what primarily enables the sharing of information and resources?
In networking, what primarily enables the sharing of information and resources?
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What is a characteristic of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
What is a characteristic of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
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Which of the following is a component of the kernel in an OS?
Which of the following is a component of the kernel in an OS?
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Which of these processes is related to managing concurrent operations in an OS?
Which of these processes is related to managing concurrent operations in an OS?
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What is the main purpose of the Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol?
What is the main purpose of the Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol?
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Which device is designed to connect different networks that may use varying protocols?
Which device is designed to connect different networks that may use varying protocols?
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In a bus topology, how does a computer determine which messages to keep?
In a bus topology, how does a computer determine which messages to keep?
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What is the role of a bridge in a network?
What is the role of a bridge in a network?
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What defines a client/server model in inter-process communication?
What defines a client/server model in inter-process communication?
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Which of the following topologies allows for the most efficient use of bandwidth?
Which of the following topologies allows for the most efficient use of bandwidth?
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What happens during a collision in a bus topology?
What happens during a collision in a bus topology?
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Which network topology uses a central hub or switch to connect all devices?
Which network topology uses a central hub or switch to connect all devices?
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Which of the following accurately defines the term 'inter-process communication' (IPC)?
Which of the following accurately defines the term 'inter-process communication' (IPC)?
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What is the function of a repeater in network communication?
What is the function of a repeater in network communication?
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What characterizes a ring topology in a network?
What characterizes a ring topology in a network?
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Which statement accurately describes the token protocol in a ring topology?
Which statement accurately describes the token protocol in a ring topology?
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What happens to a message in a ring topology when the originating computer receives it back?
What happens to a message in a ring topology when the originating computer receives it back?
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In a ring topology, how does a computer that does not have the token interact with transmitted messages?
In a ring topology, how does a computer that does not have the token interact with transmitted messages?
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What is the primary characteristic of a protocol in network transmission?
What is the primary characteristic of a protocol in network transmission?
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What is a key feature of how messages are transmitted in a ring topology?
What is a key feature of how messages are transmitted in a ring topology?
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Which of the following best describes the forwarding action of each computer in a ring topology?
Which of the following best describes the forwarding action of each computer in a ring topology?
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Which network topology typically utilizes a token-based protocol for data transmission?
Which network topology typically utilizes a token-based protocol for data transmission?
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What is the positioning of the token in a network using token-based protocol?
What is the positioning of the token in a network using token-based protocol?
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How does a star topology differ from a ring topology?
How does a star topology differ from a ring topology?
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Study Notes
Lecture 4: Networking
- The lecture covered networking, focusing on construction, operation, application, and security issues.
- The presenter, Hamisu Ismail AHMAD, is from the Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, and Faculty of Computing, Department of Cyber Security.
Summary of Last Lecture
- The previous lecture discussed various aspects of operating systems (OS), including types, components, kernel components, file management, device drivers, memory management, scheduling, time-sharing, interrupts, context switching, time-slicing, booting, and security.
Content
- The lecture's topics included network classification, network protocols, and communication over a network.
Network
- Networks enable the sharing of information and resources, including printers, software packages, and disk storage.
Classification of a Network (1/3)
- Local Area Network (LAN): Small-scale networks, typically within a few kilometers, covering a single building or complex (such as a company or school).
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Medium-scale networks spanning a local community.
- Wide Area Network (WAN): Large-scale networks encompassing an entire country or multiple countries.
Classification of a Network (2/3)
- Open Network: Designed for public use, accessible to anyone without licensing agreements (like the internet).
- Closed (Proprietary) Network: Controlled by an individual or company, allowing income generation through leasing or selling products.
Classification of a Network (3/3)
- Ring Topology: Network devices are connected in a circular pattern.
- Star Topology: Network devices are connected to a central hub.
- Bus Topology: Network devices are connected to a single cable.
Protocol
- A protocol defines the rules for how data transmission occurs over a network.
- Ring Topology Protocol (IBM 1970s): Uses a token to control data transmission, allowing only the computer holding the token to send data. Data travels in one direction, with each computer forwarding the message to the next. The destination computer keeps a copy before forwarding, and the originating computer stops transmission once it receives the data.
Communication over a Ring Network
- Data transmission in a ring network is unidirectional.
Transmission in Bus Topology
- The Ethernet protocol uses Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) to manage data transmission. Each computer on the bus network has a unique ID. Messages are sent to all computers, but each one only keeps the message addressed to it. If multiple computers try to send data simultaneously, a collision occurs, causing all computers to stop sending, and then they will try again after a random pause.
Communication over Bus Topology
- Data transmission in a bus topology is broadcast, with each device receiving all messages.
Combining Networks (1/2)
- Repeater: A device that extends the signal between two networks.
- Bridge: A device that forwards messages between networks based on their destination addresses.
- Switch: A bridge with multiple connections.
Combining Networks (2/2)
- Router: A device that connects two (potentially different) networks, potentially using different protocols, to communicate between them.
Inter-Process Communication
- Inter-process communication (IPC) involves coordinating processes running on a network where multiple machines need to share work.
- Client-server Model: One machine (server) provides a service, and another machine (client) requests that service (e.g., network printer, disk storage).
- Peer-to-peer Model: Multiple machines act as both clients and servers, sharing resources directly (e.g., file transfer).
Summary
- Networking details, topology types, protocols, communication methods, and network device functions were discussed in this final lecture.
Additional Reading
- A list of recommended books for further study in networking and related fields is provided. These titles focus on various topics related to networking fundamentals.
Glimpse of Next Class
- The next class will explore the internet's architecture, applications, and security measures.
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Description
This lecture focuses on the critical aspects of networking, including its construction, operation, applications, and security issues. It is part of a broader discussion that also encompasses operating system fundamentals, setting the stage for a comprehensive understanding of computer networks.
