26 Questions
What are the characteristics of ABO antibodies?
Naturally occurring antibodies, react at room temperature, cannot cross the placenta, mostly IgM (some IgG), predominantly IgG (with small portions as IgM), immune antibodies, react at 37°C, can cross the placenta.
What is the principle of determining secretor status?
Hemagglutination inhibition.
What are the characteristics of routine reagents useful for ABO testing?
Anti-A reagent: Monoclonal antibody, highly specific IgM, clear blue colored reagent. Anti-B reagent: Monoclonal antibody, highly specific IgM, clear yellow colored reagent.
What are the three genes that code for A, B, and O blood groups?
The three genes that code for A, B, and O blood groups are located at the long arm of chromosome 9.
What is Landsteiner's Law?
Landsteiner's Law states that the antigen on the RBC determines the blood group and the corresponding antibody is never found in the individual's serum, while the opposite antibody is always present in the individual's serum.
Where are ABO antigens found in the body?
ABO antigens are found on RBCs, lymphocytes, platelets, tissue cells, bone marrow, and other organs. They can also be secreted by tissue cells if the appropriate genes are present.
What is the cause of the 'Acquired B' phenomenon in ABO typing?
Bacterial enzymes modify immunodominant blood sugar A sugar into D-galactosamine which cross reacts with anti-B antisera.
What are the possible causes of group 3 discrepancies in ABO typing?
Elevated levels of globin from certain disease states, elevated levels of fibrinogen, and plasma expanders.
What is polyagglutination in ABO typing?
Polyagglutination refers to the agglutination of altered RBCs by a large proportion of ABO-compatible adult human sera.
What are the serologic specificities of the lectins Ulex europaeus, Lotus tetragonolobus, Dolichos biflorus, Helix pomatia, and Griffonia simplicifolia?
Ulex europaeus: Anti-H, Lotus tetragonolobus: Anti-H, Dolichos biflorus: Anti-A, Anti-Tn, Anti-Cad, Helix pomatia: Anti-A, Anti-Tn, Anti-Cad, Griffonia simplicifolia: Anti-B, Anti-T
Which lectins are used for antigens causing polyagglutination?
Arachis hypogaea, Glycine soja (Glycine max), Salvia sclarea, Salvia horminum
What are the blood group antibody reactions with A1 cells for blood groups A, B, AB, and O?
Blood group A: 4+, Blood group B: 0, Blood group AB: 4+, Blood group O: 0
What is the genotype and phenotype of the Bombay (Oh) phenotype?
Genotype: hh, Phenotype: Blood group O, Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-A,B, and Anti-H present in the serum
ABH antigens on red cells are glycolipids, glycoproteins, or ______.
glycosphingolipids
RBC antigens are only synthesized on Type 2 precursor chain, while secreted substances are primarily precursor chains synthesized on Type 1 ______.
precursor chain
The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the precursor molecule L-fucose is ______.
a-2-L-fucosyltransferase
_______ is a lectin that can form Anti-A1.
Dolichos biflorus
The Bombay phenotype (H NULL) is characterized by the absence of _______ antigens.
H
Weak agglutination with anti-A,B only is seen in the _______ subgroup of B.
Bx
ABO blood group is the most important of all blood groups in transfusion practice. The three genes that code for A, B, O are located at the long arm of chromosome ______.
9
Patients with immunodeficiency diseases may demonstrate _______.
weakly reacting or missing antibodies
According to the Three Allele Theory (Bernstein), the possible genotypes for blood group A are ______ and ______.
AA, AO
The frequencies (%) of ABO phenotypes in Native Americans are: A - 16%, B - 4%, AB - <1%, O - ______.
79
According to the acquired B phenomenon, the patient's ABO typing result would show agglutination with anti-A1, agglutination with anti-B, no agglutination with A cells, and ______ agglutination with B cells.
no
Polyagglutination refers to the agglutination of altered RBCs by a large proportion of ABO-compatible adult human sera. Lectins such as Tn, Cad, T, and Tk can cause polyagglutination. Lectin from ______ can cause agglutination.
Arachis hypogaea
Cis-AB refers to the inheritance of both AB genes from one parent carried on one chromosome and an O gene inherited from the other parent. The Cis-AB phenotype can be confirmed by agglutination with MOST adult sera and _____ agglutination with cord sera.
no
This quiz tests your knowledge of lectins and their serologic specificity for ABO antigens. It covers lectins such as Ulex europaeus, Lotus tetragonolobus, Dolichos biflorus, Helix pomatia, and Griffonia simplicifolia. Test your understanding of these lectins and their reactivity with ABO antigens.
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