Learning to Be a Better Learner

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Questions and Answers

What are the three components of the general stress syndrome?

  • The alert stage, the stage of resistance, the recovery stage
  • The alarm stage, the stage of recovery, the exhaustion stage
  • The alarm stage, the stage of resistance, the exhaustion stage (correct)
  • The alarm stage, the stage of conflict, the exhaustion stage

How does the sympathetic nervous system respond to stress?

  • It enhances the immune response.
  • It triggers the fight-or-flight response. (correct)
  • It encourages relaxation and calmness.
  • It promotes emotional stability.

What factor influences a person's appraisal process of stressors?

  • Physical environment
  • Age and gender
  • Cultural values and beliefs (correct)
  • Biological traits

What is a likely consequence of chronic stress on the body’s defense response?

<p>Lowered resistance due to decreased antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach does self-care therapy suggest for managing stress?

<p>Acknowledge feelings and accept them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does self-compassion influence emotional well-being?

<p>It helps to reduce anxiety and depression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of self-compassion?

<p>It lacks self-criticism and promotes kindness towards oneself. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does self-compassion relate to motivation?

<p>It enhances motivation by accepting the inevitability of failure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about self-esteem and self-compassion?

<p>Self-compassion does not focus on self-evaluation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What belief underlies self-compassion when facing personal challenges?

<p>Everyone experiences suffering, which is a part of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between goal difficulty and achievement?

<p>The more difficult the goal, the greater the achievement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does outcome expectancy refer to?

<p>A person's estimate that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical for commitment to goals?

<p>Goals need to be specific and difficult. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is likely to increase commitment to goals?

<p>Support and financial incentives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the sources of influence on self-efficacy?

<p>Cognitive dissonance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with high assurance in their capabilities are likely to:

<p>Set challenging goals and commit to them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reaction of individuals with low goal aspirations?

<p>They show weak commitment to their goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT mentioned as effective for countering chronic stress?

<p>High-intensity interval training. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary belief of individuals with a fixed mindset?

<p>Success is primarily due to innate abilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of self-efficacy theory, how do failure and setbacks typically affect those with a growth mindset?

<p>They view them as opportunities to learn and improve. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metacognition primarily concerned with?

<p>Thinking about one's own thinking processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does physical activity help with stress management?

<p>It can help reduce the buildup of stress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes skimming?

<p>Focusing on keywords and phrases during reading (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals who doubt their capabilities tend to react to challenges?

<p>They shy away from tasks they see as personal challenges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead individuals to dwell on personal deficiencies?

<p>Concentrating on obstacles to success. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the physiological source of influence on self-efficacy encompass?

<p>The impact of emotions and physical states on confidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-efficacy, according to Bandura’s theory, refers to what?

<p>The belief in one’s capabilities to execute actions needed for specific performances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the parasympathetic nervous system's function after danger has passed?

<p>It promotes rest and digestion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior of someone with high self-efficacy when encountering difficult tasks?

<p>They approach tasks as challenges to be mastered. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-management' refer to in the context of metacognition?

<p>Using personal knowledge to plan and adapt learning strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of metacognitive knowledge, which aspect refers to one’s own strengths and weaknesses?

<p>Self-appraisal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of the Bobo Doll experiment?

<p>Social modeling is a highly effective means of learning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metacognitive regulation aspect relates to understanding what strategies you possess?

<p>Strategy variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does rehearsing involve in a learning context?

<p>Developing a personal interpretation or summary of learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Self-Compassion

A way of treating yourself with kindness and understanding when you experience suffering, failure, or inadequacy.

Self-Compassion Phrases

Phrases that promote self-kindness and compassion during difficult times.

Self-Esteem

Feeling good about yourself, often through comparing yourself favorably to others.

Lack of Self-Criticism in Self-Compassion

A key aspect of self-compassion involving the absence of harsh self-criticism, which helps reduce anxiety and depression.

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Self-Compassion and Motivation

Self-compassion promotes motivation by accepting challenges and setbacks without harsh self-judgment.

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General Stress Syndrome

A complex physiological response to stress, involving three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Each stage has unique physiological changes.

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Alarm Stage

The body's initial response to stress. It involves physiological changes like increased heart rate, blood pressure, and adrenaline release.

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Resistance Stage

The body's prolonged effort to cope with stress. It involves sustained physiological changes like increased cortisol levels and suppressed immune response.

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Exhaustion Stage

The final stage of stress response, characterized by depleted resources and declining physical and psychological well-being.

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Stress Diseases

Stress-induced illnesses caused by prolonged stress and the body's inability to adapt. These can include cardiovascular disease, depression, and weakened immune system.

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Efficacy Expectation

An individuals belief that they have the necessary skills and abilities to achieve a desired outcome.

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Outcome Expectancy

An individual's assessment of the likelihood that a particular action will lead to a specific result.

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Fixed Mindset

A belief that success is based on innate abilities and that intelligence is fixed.

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Growth Mindset

A belief that success is a result of hard work, learning, training, and perseverance.

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Self-Efficacy Theory

A theory that individuals' perceptions of their capabilities influence their actions, motivation, and performance.

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Performance Accomplishments

Experiences that directly demonstrate one's ability to perform a task.

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Vicarious Experiences

Observing others successfully perform a task which increases one's own belief in their ability.

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Verbal Persuasion

Encouragement or positive feedback from others that increases belief in one's ability.

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Metacognition

Thinking about your own thinking process. It helps you understand your knowledge, skills, and limitations.

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Self-appraisal

Understanding your own strengths and weaknesses in learning. It's like taking stock of what you're good at and what needs work.

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Self-management

The mental process of using what you know to plan and adjust your learning strategies. It's like being a strategic learner, adapting to what you need.

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Metacognitive knowledge

What you know about how you think. It's like having a manual for your own brain, understanding how it learns best.

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Metacognition regulation

How you adjust your thinking processes to learn better. It's like fine-tuning your brain to work more efficiently.

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Self-efficacy

A belief in one's ability to succeed in a task. It's like having self-confidence in your learning journey.

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The Bobo Doll Experiment

An experiment that showed that learning by observing others (modeling) is highly effective. It's like learning by watching and copying.

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Skimming

Quickly browsing through material, focusing on keywords, phrases, or sentences. It's like skimming the surface, getting the gist of the information.

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Locke's Goal Setting Theory

A theory that suggests higher, more difficult goals lead to greater achievement, especially when goals are specific and challenging.

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Commitment to Goals

This refers to the individual's dedication and commitment to pursuing a goal.

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Specific Goals

This refers to clearly defined and measurable goals that leave no room for ambiguity.

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Difficult Goals

Difficult goals are challenging but not impossible to achieve, pushing individuals beyond their comfort zone.

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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

The body's response to stress, involving three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

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Sympathetic Nervous System

The nervous system's “fight or flight” response, triggered by stress or perceived danger.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

The nervous system's

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Relaxation Response

Techniques like deep breathing, visualization, and meditation used to manage stress and promote relaxation.

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Study Notes

Module 10: Learning to Be a Better Learner

  • Metacognition: "Thinking about thinking." Awareness of the scope and limitations of current knowledge and skills.
  • Two aspects of Metacognition:
    • Self-appraisal: Reflecting on personal knowledge and capabilities.
    • Self-management: Mental processes used in planning and adapting.
  • Metacognitive Knowledge: Understanding how one thinks.
  • Metacognition Regulation: Adjusting thinking processes for better learning.
    • Personal variables: Evaluation of strengths and weaknesses in learning.
    • Task variables: Understanding the nature of the task to learn.
    • Strategy variables: Identifying strategies or skills already possessed.
  • Exercising Metacognition: Understanding the limits and scope of available resources.

Module 11: Do Not Just Dream, Make It Happen

  • Albert Bandura's Self-Efficacy: Social cognitive theory. People are active participants in their environment, not simply shaped by it.
  • Bobo Doll Experiment: Social modeling is a very effective way of learning. Confirmed the hypothesis in the theory.
  • Self-Efficacy Theory:
    • Outcome expectancy: Estimate a behavior leading to specific outcomes.
    • Efficacy expectation: Conviction to execute behavior successfully.

Module 12: Less Stress, More Care

  • Stress and Human Response: Selye's general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
  • Three Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS):
    • Alarm stage: Initial response to stress.
    • Resistance stage: Body adapts to the stressor.
    • Exhaustion stage: Body's resources depleted.
  • Stress Diseases: Malady caused by errors in the body's general adaptation process when triggered chronically.
  • Nervous System Components:
    • Sympathetic nervous system: Fight-or-flight response, energy burst for perceived dangers.
    • Parasympathetic nervous system: Rest-and-digest response, calms the body after danger.
  • Techniques to Counter Chronic Stress (Relaxation Response):
    • Deep abdominal breathing
    • Focusing on a soothing word
    • Visualization of tranquil scenes
    • Repetitive prayer, yoga, Tai Chi.
    • Physical activity, social support.

Self-Compassion Versus Self-Esteem

  • Self-Compassion Therapy: Warm and understanding towards oneself during hardship as opposed to self-criticism.
  • Self-Compassion Phases:
    • Acknowledging feelings
    • Being kind to oneself
  • Self-Compassion and Emotional Well-Being: Lack of self-criticism is vital.
  • Self-Compassion, Motivation, and Health: Self-compassion enhances motivation, recognizing that goals aren't always attainable.
  • Self-Esteem: Robust association with narcissism. Evaluation of superiority/inferiority related to alerting/energizing impulses.

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