Learning Drugs in Affective Disorders Treatment
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Questions and Answers

Which type of affective disorder is characterized by always being in a depressed mood?

  • Uni-polar depression (correct)
  • Anhedonia
  • Mania
  • Bipolar depression

    • Bipolar depression involves only episodes of elevated mood.

    False

    What is the term for a lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities?

    Anhedonia

    Depression is primarily due to a decrease in ___________ levels in the brain.

    <p>monoamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with their corresponding affective disorder:

    <p>Sadness, hopelessness = Uni-polar depression Elevated mood, rapid speech = Bipolar depression Loss of libido, sleep disturbances = Uni-polar depression Impaired judgment, enthusiasm = Bipolar depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily decreased in depression according to the monoamine theory?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social factors play no role in the development of affective disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of affective disorders discussed?

    <p>Depression and mania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain neurotrophic factor is abbreviated as __________.

    <p>BDNF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of mania?

    <p>Sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a selective MAO-B inhibitor?

    <p>Selegiline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antidepressant effects of MAOIs disappear immediately after stopping the medication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Inhibit the neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combination of tyramine and MAOIs can lead to a hypertensive ________.

    <p>crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of antidepressants with their key characteristics:

    <p>MAOIs = Inhibit monoamine oxidase, leading to increased neurotransmitter levels TCAs = Named for their three-ringed structure Selective MAO-B inhibitors = Available as a transdermal patch Atypical antidepressants = Work by mechanisms other than increasing NE and 5-HT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a hypertensive crisis caused by MAOIs?

    <p>Occipital headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amitriptyline is classified as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment goal for antidepressant drugs?

    <p>Increase norepinephrine (NA) and/or serotonin (5-HT) in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MAOIs should not be taken with indirect acting ________.

    <p>sympathomimetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for the antidepressant effect of TCAs to appear?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with the use of muscarinic antagonists?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    H1 blockers can provide therapeutic benefits for insomnia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of imipramine?

    <p>Nocturnal enuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One potential adverse effect of antidepressant treatment associated with α1 blockade is __________.

    <p>orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidepressant is known to be used for preventing migraines?

    <p>Amitriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tolerance develops to both the anticholinergic properties and the antidepressant effects of TCAs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored closely when prescribing tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three Cs that characterize overdose symptoms of TCAs are Coma, __________, and __________.

    <p>Convulsions, Cardiac arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the drug with its primary adverse effect:

    <p>Imipramine = Nocturnal enuresis treatment Amitriptyline = Prevent migraine Muscarinic antagonists = Dry mouth H1 blockers = Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of antidepressants?

    <p>Increased alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Drugs Used in Treatment of Affective Disorders

    • Affective disorders include depression and mania.
    • Depression is a persistent low mood, while mania is elevated mood.
    • Unipolar depression is the most common type, characterized by a persistent depressed mood.
    • Bipolar disorder involves alternating periods of elevated and depressed mood.
    • Symptoms of depression include sadness, hopelessness, low self-esteem, lack of motivation, feelings of guilt, and suicidal thoughts. Biological symptoms can include loss of libido, sleep disturbances, and anorexia.
    • Symptoms of mania include enthusiasm, self-confidence, anger, rapid thoughts, and speech patterns.
    • Biogenic amine theory (monoamine theory) suggests that depression is due to low levels of monoamines (like norepinephrine and serotonin) in the brain, while mania is associated with high levels of these neurotransmitters.
    • Neurotrophic and cytokine theory proposes a role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammation in mood disorders.
    • Genetic and social factors can play a part in mood disorders.
    • Episodes of depression can occur throughout a person's life.

    Antidepressant Drugs

    • Treatment goal is to increase levels of norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain.
    • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their levels. (Examples: phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine)
    • MAOIs require careful monitoring due to potential hypertensive crisis when combined with tyramine-rich foods.
    • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. (Examples: amitriptyline, imipramine)
    • TCAs have anticholinergic effects, leading to side effects such as dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention.
    • Monitoring is essential for TCAs due to their narrow therapeutic index.

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    Drugs Used in Treatment of Affective Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the types of affective disorders such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, along with their symptoms and underlying theories. It highlights the role of neurotransmitters and biological factors in these conditions, emphasizing the importance of treatment options. Test your knowledge on the various drugs used for managing these mental health issues.

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