Learning Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning

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Questions and Answers

What is Augmentation?

Facilitation of the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus. (correct)

Reduction in the effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug.

A procedure in which a previously conditioned stimulus is used to condition a new stimulus.

Interference with the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of the presence of a previously conditioned stimulus.

What does the Blocking Effect refer to?

Facilitation of the conditioning of a novel stimulus.

A conditioned response opposite in form to the reaction elicited by the US.

Learning of an association between a stimulus and a response.

Interference with the conditioning of a novel stimulus because of a previously conditioned stimulus. (correct)

What is the Comparator Hypothesis?

The idea that conditioned responding depends on a comparison between the associative strength of the conditioned stimulus and the associative strength of other cues present during training of the target CS.

What is a Conditioned Compensatory-Response?

A conditioned response opposite in form to the reaction elicited by the US and which therefore compensates for this reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What does the CS-preexposure Effect signify?

Interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the CS before the conditioning trials. Signup and view all the answers

What is Drug Tolerance?

Reduction in the effectiveness of a drug as a result of repeated use of the drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is Higher-order Conditioning?

A procedure in which a previously conditioned stimulus is used to condition a new stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is Homeostasis?

Physiological mechanisms that maintain critical aspects of physiology within acceptable limits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Relative-Waiting-Time Hypothesis entail?

Conditioned responding depends on how long the organism has to wait for the US in the presence of the CS, compared to how long it waits for the US in the experimental situation irrespective of the CS. Signup and view all the answers

What is Stimulus-Response (S-R) Learning?

The learning of an association between a stimulus and a response, leading the stimulus to elicit the response. Signup and view all the answers

What is Stimulus-Stimulus (S-S) Learning?

The learning of an association between two stimuli, where exposure to one activates a representation of the other. Signup and view all the answers

What is Sensory Preconditioning?

A procedure where one weak stimulus is paired with another weak stimulus, and then one is conditioned with an unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is Stimulus Salience?

The significance of noticeability of a stimulus, affecting the speed of conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

What does Stimulus Substitution refer to?

The theoretical idea that participants respond to the CS in much the same way they respond to the US. Signup and view all the answers

What is Us-preexposure Effect?

Interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioning trials. Signup and view all the answers

What is Us Devaluation?

Reduction in the attractiveness of an unconditioned stimulus, usually achieved by aversion conditioning or satiation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning Mechanisms

Augmentation: Enhances conditioning of a new stimulus due to a previously conditioned stimulus; also known as contra-blocking effect.
Blocking Effect: Hinders the conditioning of a new stimulus because a previously conditioned stimulus is present, preventing new associations from forming.
Comparator Hypothesis: Suggests that conditioned responses rely on a comparison between the associative strengths of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and other cues present during training.
Conditioned Compensatory-Response: A learned response that counteracts the effect of the unconditioned stimulus (US), serving to maintain balance.
CS-preexposure Effect: Interference in conditioning caused by prior exposure to the CS, known as latent-inhibition effect, making later conditioning less effective.
Drug Tolerance: Diminished effectiveness of a drug after repeated use, affecting the body's response to the substance over time.
Higher-order Conditioning: A process where a previously conditioned stimulus (CS1) is used to condition a new stimulus (CS2), expanding associative networks.
Homeostasis: Physiological concept that maintains critical bodily functions within acceptable ranges through negative feedback and feedforward mechanisms.
Relative-Waiting-Time Hypothesis: Proposes that the conditioned response is influenced by the difference in waiting times for the US in the presence or absence of the CS.
Stimulus-Response (S-R) Learning: Involves learning the association between a stimulus and a specific response, leading to elicitation of the response by the stimulus.
Stimulus-Stimulus (S-S) Learning: Involves learning the association between two stimuli, so that exposure to one activates a mental representation of the other.
Sensory Preconditioning: Involves pairing two biologically weak stimuli (CS1 and CS2), allowing CS2 to evoke a conditioned response after CS1 is conditioned with a US, despite CS2 not being directly paired with the US.
Stimulus Salience: Refers to how noticeable or significant a stimulus is; more salient stimuli generally lead to more rapid conditioning.
Stimulus Substitution: Theoretical perspective that suggests participants respond to the CS similarly to how they respond to the US due to conditioning.
US-preexposure Effect: Interference arising from prior exposure to the unconditioned stimulus before conditioning trials, which can hinder later conditioning phases.
US Devaluation: The process of reducing the attractiveness of an unconditioned stimulus through methods like aversion conditioning or habituation.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 4 of Learning, focusing on classical conditioning mechanisms. This quiz includes definitions of terms such as augmentation, blocking effect, and more. Boost your understanding of how these principles influence behavior.