Learning and Neurotransmitters Quiz

Study Notes

Learning involves acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes through experience.
This is a transformational process leading to personal growth and development.
Learning is continuous, achieved through direct and indirect experiences, crucial for human survival.
Knowledge acquisition, technology, and interventions are learned through teachers and mentors.
Learning includes both IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and EQ (Emotional Quotient) development.
Individual learning is holistic and occurs through direct and indirect methods, influenced by inventions.
Intellectual deficiency is estimated at 70%.

Neurotransmitters are electrochemical messengers connecting neurons.
Examples include acetylcholine, glutamate, dopamine, and norepinephrine. These are associated with memory and learning.
Acetylcholine deficiency can lead to Alzheimer's disease.
Excess glutamate can cause anxiety.
Dopamine deficiency can cause depression.
Norepinephrine is crucial for the "fight-or-flight" response.
Endorphins act as pain relievers.

The brain's ability to change throughout life.
This involves the addition of new neurons, new connections between neurons, and the reorganisation of processing areas.
Learning is a powerful agent of change in brain structure and function.

Metacognition is awareness of one's thinking and the strategies used for learning.
It involves "thinking about thinking".
Metacognitive knowledge includes understanding of one's cognitive abilities, the cognitive tasks themselves, and the strategies required for completion.
Metacognitive regulation involves monitoring and controlling cognitive processes.
Self-regulated learning (SRL) involves directing thinking and behaviours toward achieving academic goals.
This process involves planning a task, monitoring performance, and evaluating the outcome.

Planning involves increasing efficiency, control, and motivation, and preparing for any adversity.
Problem-solving skills are essential for identifying and addressing challenges.
Self-evaluation involves recognising one's strengths and weaknesses.

Verbal-Linguistic: ability to think and use language.
Logical-Mathematical: ability to carry out mathematical operations and reason.
Spatial-Visual: ability to think in images and perceive the visual-spatial world.
Bodily-Kinesthetic: ability to manipulate objects and control body movements.
Musical-Rhythmic: sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and musical forms.
Interpersonal: ability to understand and interact effectively with others.
Intrapersonal: understanding oneself and one's feelings.
Naturalist: ability to appreciate patterns in nature and interact with living things.

Evolutionary theory: motivation is rooted in survival and reproduction.
Drive-reduction theory: motivation arises from physiological needs.
Optimum-arousal theory: optimal performance occurs in a zone of moderate arousal.
Cognitive approach: thoughts and beliefs influence motivation.

Intrinsic motivation is internal (self-determination, curiosity, challenge, self-fulfilment).
Extrinsic motivation is external (rewards, punishments).

Emotional intelligence (EQ) is the ability to perceive, appraise, express, and regulate emotions accurately and appropriately.

Reasoning is a cognitive skill used to determine the best choice among options.
Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from specific observations (bottom-up).
Deductive reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general assumptions (top-down).