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Questions and Answers
What type of cells should be included in the labelled diagram of a maize leaf transverse section?
What type of cells should be included in the labelled diagram of a maize leaf transverse section?
- Sclerenchyma cells
- Epidermal and stomatal cells
- Bundle sheath cells and parenchyma of the mesophyll (correct)
- Collenchyma and chlorenchyma cells
What is the term used to describe the type of anatomy that occurs in maize and sugar cane leaves?
What is the term used to describe the type of anatomy that occurs in maize and sugar cane leaves?
- C4 anatomy
- Drought tolerant
- Sclerophyllous
- Kranz anatomy (correct)
What feature is typical of the vascular bundles of monocot stems and leaves?
What feature is typical of the vascular bundles of monocot stems and leaves?
- Two large metaxylem vessels (correct)
- Many small metaxylem vessels
- One large metaxylem vessel
- No metaxylem vessels
What is the name of the botany textbook that can be used as a reference for this practical?
What is the name of the botany textbook that can be used as a reference for this practical?
What is the name of the microscope objective that should NOT be used in this practical?
What is the name of the microscope objective that should NOT be used in this practical?
What is the conclusion that can be drawn about Dracaena based on Fig 6.38f?
What is the conclusion that can be drawn about Dracaena based on Fig 6.38f?
What is the function of trichomes?
What is the function of trichomes?
What is the purpose of bud scales?
What is the purpose of bud scales?
What is the function of spines in some plants?
What is the function of spines in some plants?
What is the main function of bulbs?
What is the main function of bulbs?
In cacti, where does photosynthesis occur?
In cacti, where does photosynthesis occur?
In a transverse section of a leaf, where is the xylem typically located?
In a transverse section of a leaf, where is the xylem typically located?
What type of cells are found in the palisade parenchyma of a leaf?
What type of cells are found in the palisade parenchyma of a leaf?
What is the function of intercellular air spaces in a leaf?
What is the function of intercellular air spaces in a leaf?
Which of the following leaves is most likely to have palisade parenchyma adjacent to both adaxial and abaxial surfaces?
Which of the following leaves is most likely to have palisade parenchyma adjacent to both adaxial and abaxial surfaces?
What is a characteristic feature of a moss 'leaf'?
What is a characteristic feature of a moss 'leaf'?
What is the purpose of observing a moss leaf with a microscope?
What is the purpose of observing a moss leaf with a microscope?
What is a characteristic feature of monocot leaves?
What is a characteristic feature of monocot leaves?
What is the function of the sticky hairs (trichomes) on Drosera leaves?
What is the function of the sticky hairs (trichomes) on Drosera leaves?
What is the term for the arrangement of veins in a leaf?
What is the term for the arrangement of veins in a leaf?
What is the function of resin canals in conifer leaves?
What is the function of resin canals in conifer leaves?
What is the term for modified leaves that have a specialized function?
What is the term for modified leaves that have a specialized function?
What is the term for the layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in a leaf?
What is the term for the layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in a leaf?
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Study Notes
Leaf Anatomy
- Maize (Zea mays) leaf anatomy: a typical C4 monocot
- Has chloroplasts
- Epidermis and cuticle, parenchyma of the mesophyll, bundle sheath cells, and vascular tissue are present
- Not sclerophyllous due to the absence of thick cuticle and sclerenchyma cells
- Kranz anatomy occurs in maize and sugar cane leaves
Vascular Bundles
- Monocot stems and leaves have two large metaxylem vessels
- Dracaena is not a monocot based on the leaf section shown in Fig 6.38f
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Leaf Anatomy
- Typical dicot leaf anatomy
- Adaxial epidermis, palisade parenchyma, and spongy parenchyma of the mesophyll, intercellular air spaces, and abaxial epidermis are present
- Xylem is towards the adaxial surface of the leaf
- Palisade parenchyma is adjacent to the adaxial surface in bean, water lily, holly, and carnation leaves
- Palisade parenchyma is adjacent to the abaxial surface in creosote bush leaves
Moss "Leaf" Anatomy
- Unicellular region of the "leaf" has about 8 cells
- Costa has about 5 cells on its outer surface
- No vascular tissue is present
Conifer Leaf (Pine, Pinus) Anatomy
- Thick-walled epidermis, mesophyll, resin canals, endodermis, transfusion tissue, vascular bundles, xylem, and phloem are present
- Epidermal cell wall thickness is about 20-30% of the total cell diameter
- Epidermal cell diameter is about 1/5 to 1/10 of the diameter of an endodermal cell
Leaf Venation
- Monocot leaves have parallel venation
- Dicot leaves have reticulate venation, which may be pinnate or palmate
Modified Leaves
- Examples include:
- Insect traps (e.g., Drosera leaves with sticky hairs)
- Bud scales (small, sessile leaves with dense hairs, thick layer of wax, or suberized cells)
- Spines (e.g., Opuntia aurantiaca, providing protection from large mammalian grazers)
- Bulbs (storing carbohydrates and nutrients below ground)
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