Plant Cell Structure Quiz

Nucleus and Nucleolus

• Contains DNA, regulating cell functions and activities.
• Nucleolus is responsible for RNA production, which is essential for ribosome formation.

Cell Wall

• A thick and rigid membrane that surrounds the plant cell.
• Provides structural support and shape to the cell.

Cell Membrane

• Composed of a thin layer of proteins and fats surrounding the cell.
• Selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to enter while blocking others.

Vacuole

• Primarily filled with water, occupying a significant portion of plant cells.
• Helps maintain cell shape and water balance.

Nuclear Membrane

• Encloses the nucleus, protecting DNA.
• Regulates the exchange of materials in and out of the nucleus.

Chloroplast

• Contains chlorophyll, the pigment crucial for photosynthesis.
• Site where photosynthesis occurs, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

Mitochondria

• Converts energy stored in glucose into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
• Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell due to its role in energy production.

Cytoplasm

• A jelly-like substance that supports and holds organelles in place.
• Provides protection and facilitates movement of materials within the cell.

Amyloplast

• Specialized organelle responsible for starch storage in some plant cells.
• Contributes to energy reserves for the plant.

Rough ER and Smooth ER

• Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and material transport.
• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes, primarily responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.

Ribosomes

• Composed of RNA, critical for protein synthesis.
• Can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

• Modifies, processes, and packages proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
• Plays a key role in membrane formation and secretion of substances.