Leadership Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of trait theories in leadership?

Trait theories focus on identifying personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.

Which trait has been found to be the most predictive of effective leaders according to the Big Five framework?

Extraversion has been found to be the most predictive trait of effective leaders.

What limitation do behavioral theories of leadership face?

Behavioral theories have been criticized for not adequately considering the complexities of leadership situations and the influence of context.

How can leaders create ethical organizations?

<p>Leaders can create ethical organizations by modeling ethical behavior and establishing a clear ethical framework.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two traits, besides extraversion, show strong relationships to leadership?

<p>Conscientiousness and openness to experience also show strong relationships to leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two traits are highlighted as beneficial for effective leaders?

<p>Extraversion and conscientiousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does emotional intelligence contribute to leadership effectiveness?

<p>Emotional intelligence, particularly empathy, increases the likelihood of individuals emerging as leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main conclusions drawn from trait theories of leadership?

<p>Traits can predict leadership and are better at predicting the emergence rather than the effectiveness of leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behaviors were identified in the Ohio State Studies as key to leadership?

<p>Initiating structure and consideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does culture affect the leadership behaviors of consideration and initiating structure?

<p>International preferences influence the effectiveness of leaders high in consideration, particularly in cultures that do not favor unilateral decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do traits and behaviors guarantee success in leadership?

<p>No, traits and behaviors do not guarantee success; context also plays a critical role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of both trait and behavioral theories of leadership?

<p>They cannot ensure success as various external contexts influence leadership effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of charismatic leaders that involves clarifying future goals?

<p>Vision and articulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do charismatic leaders demonstrate personal risk?

<p>They are willing to take on high personal risk and make sacrifices to achieve their vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is common among charismatic leaders that may go against societal norms?

<p>Unconventional behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two methods charismatic leaders can use to inspire their followers?

<p>Tapping into emotions and developing a compelling vision statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situations are people more receptive to charismatic leadership?

<p>During crises or times of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to develop the aura of charisma?

<p>Using passion to generate enthusiasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sensitivity to follower needs important for charismatic leaders?

<p>It helps them respond effectively to the emotions and abilities of their followers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of courage and conviction in charismatic leadership?

<p>They convey a strong belief in the vision, encouraging followers to embrace it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can leaders reinforce their messages effectively?

<p>By using animated speech, eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fiedler contingency model suggest is essential for effective group performance?

<p>A proper match between the leader’s style and the situation’s control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire categorize leadership styles?

<p>It categorizes them as task-oriented or relationship-oriented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three contingency dimensions identified in the Fiedler contingency model.

<p>Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of situational leadership theory (SLT)?

<p>The followers' readiness level determines the appropriate leadership style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the path-goal theory, what is the leader's role in relation to followers' work goals?

<p>Leaders clarify the path to help followers achieve their work goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the leader-participation model emphasize in decision making?

<p>Leader behavior should adjust according to the task structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key assumption of the Fiedler contingency model regarding leadership style?

<p>Leadership style is assumed to be fixed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does path-goal theory incorporate motivational elements in leadership?

<p>It draws from expectancy theory of motivation to influence leadership effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a leader need to consider according to the leader-participation model?

<p>The level of participation required for effective decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Leadership Theories

  • Leadership is the ability to influence a group toward achieving a vision or set of goals.
  • Not all leaders are managers, and not all managers are leaders.
  • Nonsanctioned leadership is often as important as, or more important than, formal influence.
  • Trait theories focus on personal qualities and characteristics.
  • The search for attributes differentiating leaders from non-leaders dates back to early leadership research.
  • Extraversion is the most predictive trait of effective leaders, more strongly related to emergence than effectiveness.
  • Conscientiousness, and openness to experience also correlate with leadership, though less strongly than extraversion.
  • Good leaders tend to be assertive (extraverted), disciplined, and dependable (conscientious).
  • Emotional intelligence (EI) is another trait indicating effective leadership. Empathy is a key component.
  • EI correlates with leadership emergence.
  • Traits predict leadership, but better predict emergence than effectiveness.

Behavioral Theories

  • Behavioral theories suggest leadership can be learned and developed.
  • Ohio State studies identified two key leadership behaviors: initiating structure and consideration.
  • GLOBE study found international differences in preference for initiating structure and consideration.
  • Leaders high in consideration succeed best in cultures that do not favor unilateral decision-making.
  • Traits and behaviors, whilst often effective, are not guarantees of success. Context matters.

Contingency Theories

  • Fiedler's contingency model emphasizes the proper match between a leader's style and the situation.
  • Leaders' styles are described as task- or relationship-oriented. Leadership style is assumed fixed.
  • LPC questionnaire measures leadership style.
  • Contingency dimensions include leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.
  • Situational leadership theory (SLT) is a contingency theory focusing on followers' readiness. Successful leadership involves selecting the correct leadership style based on follower readiness.
  • Path-goal theory is a contingency model drawing on Ohio State leadership research (initiating structure, consideration) and expectancy theory. Effective leaders clarify the path to their followers' work goals.
  • The leader-participation model links leadership behavior and participation in decision making. Leader behavior must adjust to reflect task structure.

Contemporary Theories

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

  • Personal compatibility, subordinate competence, and extraversion can influence leader-member relationships.
  • High interactions correlate with the "in-group" in an organization, whereas lower interactions relate to the "out-group".

Charismatic Leadership

  • Charismatic leaders have a vision and articulate it, taking calculated risks to pursue it.
  • They are sensitive to followers' needs and behaviors and unconventional.
  • Some leaders are born with charismatic traits; others are trained. Charisma can be developed.
  • Motivating followers by expressing enthusiasm, reinforcing messages with appropriate nonverbal cues.
  • They articulate an appealing vision, develop vision statement and establish values, and convey conviction about their vision.
  • Charismatic leadership is most effective during crises or under stressful circumstances.
  • Potential negative side of charismatic leadership: personal goals override company goals or narcissistic leadership.

Transformational Leadership

  • Transformational leadership involves high expectations, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.
  • It is strongly correlated with a variety of favorable workplace outcomes.
  • Transformational leadership focuses on the compelling vision communicated.

Challenges to Understanding Leadership

  • Organization success/failure can be influenced by factors outside of leadership.
  • The attribution theory proposes that leadership is an attribution made about another person rather than a real quality or characteristic.
  • Substitutes for leadership and neutralizers describe situations where leadership is not needed or ineffective. Specific situations, skillsets, and formalized organizational structures often substitute or neutralize leadership.
  • Selecting effective leaders involves identifying specific position requirements, considering personality tests, and evaluating pertinent experience.
  • Effective leadership training should incorporate self-monitoring techniques, implementation skills, trust-building methods (mentoring & situational analysis), review procedures after key organization events, and transformational leadership skills.

Role of Leaders in Creating Ethical Organizations

  • Authentic leaders know themselves, their values, and act accordingly, earning followers' trust.
  • Ethical leadership combines ethical and charismatic leadership, focusing on socialized, other-centered values.
  • Abusive supervision happens when supervisors are verbally or nonverbally hostile.
  • Servant leadership focuses on followers' development and needs, going beyond one's self-interest.

Positive Leadership

  • Trust is a psychological state where individuals are willing to be vulnerable toward another.
  • Trust is a primary attribute of leadership, and the breakdown of trust can significantly negatively impact groups and performance.
  • Factors influencing trust include leader trustworthiness (e.g., integrity, ability, benevolence) and propensity to trust.
  • Trust and culture, the role of time, and regaining trust.
  • Mentoring is a career and psychological function, including functions such as career advising, self-confidence boosting, experience sharing, acceptance, and role modeling.

Implications for Managers

  • Match leadership preferences to fit work dynamics and culture.
  • Hire candidates with transformational leadership experience and a long term vision.
  • Evaluate candidates using personality assessments.
  • Develop trust among followers, and training related to ethical standards.
  • Leadership training involving formal courses, workshops, and mentors can positively affect the outcome.

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Organizational Behavior 18th Edition Chapter 12 Leadership PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various leadership theories, focusing on trait theories and their implications. Explore the Big Five framework, behavioral approaches, and the role of emotional intelligence in effective leadership. Challenge yourself with questions that delve into both the advantages and limitations of these theories.

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