Nursing Concepts 3 Test 1 practice
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Questions and Answers

Which form of communication involves touching the patient?

  • Verbal communication
  • Developmental communication
  • Sociocultural communication
  • Non-verbal communication (correct)
  • What is an example of non-verbal communication in a clinical setting?

  • Telling a patient they have to wash their hands
  • Asking a patient to confirm the message
  • Using stuffed animals to explain a procedure to a child
  • Making eye contact with a patient (correct)
  • Which factor influences communication by taking into account the patients' beliefs and values?

  • Neurological system risk factors
  • Developmental level
  • Sociocultural differences (correct)
  • Roles and Responsibilities
  • In a clinical setting, moaning, crying, and gasping are examples of which form of communication?

    <p>Non-verbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering the musculoskeletal system, what risk factor should be taken into account?

    <p>General physical appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of non-verbal communication based on personal space boundaries?

    <p>Stepping into someone's personal space and noticing their discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred term over 'compliance' when referring to a patient's behavior regarding health recommendations?

    <p>Adherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which domain of learning involves physical activities like demonstration and discovery?

    <p>Psychomotor domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested teaching strategy for the affective domain of learning?

    <p>Role modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In effective communication with a patient, why is it important to vary the tone of voice?

    <p>To maintain interest and engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is recommended to promote patient adherence?

    <p>Using interactive teaching strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nurse as a coach in patient care?

    <p>Empowering and motivating patients to reach goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing a patient's neurological system?

    <p>To assess the patient's mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important characteristic to consider when using auscultation during a physical assessment?

    <p>The quality of sound (e.g., gurgling or swishing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When evaluating the respiratory system during a physical examination, which factor might be assessed by observing the patient's breathing patterns?

    <p>Chest expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor to consider when assessing the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Trauma or arthritis history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a cardiovascular examination, what might be assessed by inspecting the ankles or feet for swelling?

    <p>Swelling in ankles or feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature commonly observed in older adults during thorax and lung assessments?

    <p>Prominent and tortuous blood vessels; varicosities common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when using auscultation techniques for assessing lung sounds in a patient?

    <p>Wheezes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would assessing a patient's musculoskeletal system involve considering their exercise habits and dietary intake?

    <p>Examining frequency and type of exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be an indication that a patient has a problem with their cardiovascular system when assessing their health history?

    <p>History of chest pain or palpitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When conducting a physical assessment, what could be inferred if a patient exhibits difficulties in maintaining a supine position?

    <p>Difficulty in relaxation of abdominal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When evaluating the respiratory system during a physical examination, why is it important to consider observing the patient's breathing patterns?

    <p>To detect abnormalities in respiratory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to vary the areas auscultated during a respiratory system examination?

    <p>To enhance the ability to detect abnormal lung sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor to consider when assessing the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Dietary habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a neurological system assessment, why might it be important to inquire about a patient's history of head injuries?

    <p>To identify risks for neurological complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a clinician consider a patient's exercise habits when assessing the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To evaluate overall musculoskeletal health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a complete respiratory examination, why is it crucial to assess tactile fremitus?

    <p>To detect abnormalities in lung tissue density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor to consider when assessing a patient's musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Exercise habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During auscultation for lung sounds in a patient, why is it important to use proper techniques?

    <p>To avoid causing discomfort to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be inferred if a patient exhibits difficulties in maintaining a supine position during a physical assessment?

    <p>Musculoskeletal weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing a patient's neurological system, what factor is important to consider?

    <p>Developmental level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to consider a patient's exercise habits and dietary intake when evaluating the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>To identify potential risk factors for musculoskeletal issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a respiratory system examination, what might observing the patient's breathing patterns indicate?

    <p>Cardiovascular issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When evaluating the respiratory system during a physical examination, what might be assessed by observing the patient's breathing patterns?

    <p>Rate, depth, and rhythm of respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would assessing a patient's musculoskeletal system involve considering their exercise habits and dietary intake?

    <p>To identify factors influencing bone health and muscle function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences communication by taking into account the patients' beliefs and values?

    <p>The patient's cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be an indication that a patient has a problem with their cardiovascular system when assessing their health history?

    <p>Chest pain, palpitations, or swelling in ankles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which important characteristic should be considered when using auscultation during a physical assessment?

    <p>The quality, pitch, and duration of sounds heard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important risk factor to consider when assessing the neurological system of a patient?

    <p>Head trauma, seizures, or changes in vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor must be taken into account when evaluating a patient's musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Nutritional status and degree of mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a respiratory system examination, what factor might be assessed by observing the patient's chest expansion?

    <p>Lung function and ability to ventilate properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consideration is vital when assessing a patient with suspected musculoskeletal concerns?

    <p>Mobility limitations and pain in muscles or joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship phase involves the nurse introducing themselves, stating their shift end time, and reassuring the patient about their availability?

    <p>Orientation Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with the Assertive Nurse's self-presentation?

    <p>Constantly seeking help from others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a therapeutic relationship, what does the Working Phase entail?

    <p>Patient expressing their feelings and participating actively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dispositional trait is crucial for a nurse in building trust with patients?

    <p>Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is indicative of a nurse displaying assertiveness during interactions with patients?

    <p>Expressing thoughts clearly using 'I' statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when taking care of a patient according to the text?

    <p>Patient as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of a therapeutic relationship would a nurse reassure a patient that they will be available for assistance when needed?

    <p>Orientation Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of patient-care termination, what is expected from the patient?

    <p>Verbalizing feelings about termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is mentioned for optimal pacing in nursing observations according to the text?

    <p>Using time wisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is privacy emphasized when building rapport in a healthcare setting?

    <p>To ensure patient confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nurse according to the text in terms of patient focus?

    <p>Patient focus only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in promoting patient adherence to healthcare recommendations?

    <p>Using interactive teaching strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning domain involves activities like lecture, panel discussion, and written materials?

    <p>Cognitive domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred term emphasizing patient autonomy in following a treatment plan?

    <p>Adherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication technique should nurses use to ensure clarity and avoid overwhelming patients with excessive information?

    <p>Offer simple explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy should be employed to establish relationships and identify readiness for change in coaching interactions?

    <p>Empowering patients to set their goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for healthcare providers to be aware of personal assumptions, biases, and prejudices when working with patients from diverse cultures?

    <p>To foster a respectful and inclusive environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect must be considered when assessing a patient's personal space during communication?

    <p>The patient's physical, mental, and emotional state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to acknowledge a patient's values and beliefs during communication?

    <p>To help establish a therapeutic relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the Therapeutic Relationship in healthcare communication?

    <p>The patient oversharing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does invading a patient's personal space affect communication?

    <p>Causes discomfort and hinders message reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a patient's emotional state impact their ability to listen during communication?

    <p>Can result in distraction and reduced attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Transformational leadership from Transactional leadership?

    <p>Charismatic and motivational style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which leadership style is the leader identified as indistinguishable within the group?

    <p>Servant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Quantum leadership?

    <p>Interconnected and collaborative view of organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing professional is responsible for initial patient assessment, care planning, and administering parenteral medications?

    <p>Registered Nurse (RN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role involves a natural feeling of wanting to serve?

    <p>Servant Leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of Lewin’s Theory of Change?

    <p>Change recognition and initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential consideration for a comprehensive health assessment?

    <p>'Upon admission' assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of Quantum leadership?

    <p>Interconnected and collaborative view of organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Leadership Styles

    • Democratic: characterized by a sense of equality among the leader and other participants, with decisions and activities shared
    • Laissez-faire: the leader relinquishes power to the group, making it difficult to identify the leader
    • Servant: begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve
    • Quantum: views an organization and its members as interconnected and collaborative, helpful in unpredictable events and changing environments
    • Transactional: based on a task-and-reward orientation
    • Transformational: charismatic, inspiring, and motivating leaders who are unique in their ability to inspire and motivate others

    Leadership Qualities

    • Charismatic
    • Dynamic
    • Enthusiastic
    • Poised
    • Confident
    • Self-directed
    • Flexible
    • Knowledgeable
    • Politically aware

    Leadership Skills

    • Commitment to excellence
    • Problem-solving skills
    • Commitment to and passion for one's work
    • Trustworthiness and integrity
    • Respectfulness
    • Accessibility
    • Empathy and caring
    • Responsibility to enhance personal growth of all staff

    Conflict Resolution Strategies

    • Lewin's Theory of Change:
      • Unfreezing: recognizing the need for change
      • Moving: initiating change after careful planning
      • Refreezing: making change operational

    Achieving Self-Knowledge

    • Identify strengths
    • Evaluate how you accomplish work
    • Clarify values
    • Determine where you belong and what you can contribute
    • Assume responsibility for relationships

    ANA Principles for Delegating Care

    • RN is responsible for:
      • Initial patient assessment
      • Discharge planning
      • Health education
      • Care planning
      • Triage
      • Interpreting patient data
      • Care of invasive lines
      • Administering parenteral medications
    • RN can delegate tasks such as:
      • Assistance with basic care activities
      • Collecting patient data (e.g., vital signs)
      • Simple dressing changes
      • Transfers
      • Postmortem care
    • RN is responsible and accountable for nursing practice and supervises AP providing direct patient care
    • Purpose of AP is to work in a supportive role to the RN

    Considerations When Delegating Nursing Care

    • Stability of the patient's condition
    • Complexity of the activity
    • Potential for harm
    • Predictability of the outcome
    • Overall context of other patient needs

    Developing Leadership Responsibilities

    • Knowledge of administrative structure
    • Mentorship
    • Preceptorship
    • Participation in nursing and other professional organizations
    • Continuing education

    Overcoming Resistance to Change

    • Explain proposed change to all affected
    • List advantages of the change
    • Relate change to person's existing beliefs and values
    • Provide opportunities for open communication and feedback
    • Indicate how change will be evaluated
    • Introduce change gradually
    • Provide incentives for commitment to change

    Physical Assessment

    • Types of Health Assessments:
      • Comprehensive
      • Ongoing partial
      • Focused
      • Emergency
    • Preparing the Patient:
      • Consider physiologic and psychological needs
      • Explain process to patient
      • Explain that physical assessments should not be painful
      • Explain each procedure in detail
      • Answer patient questions directly and honestly
    • Preparing the Environment:
      • Ensure patient is as free of pain as possible
      • Prepare examination table
      • Provide gown and drape
      • Gather supplies and instruments
      • Provide a comfortable room temperature
    • Positions Used During a Physical Assessment:
      • Standing
      • Sitting
      • Supine
      • Dorsal recumbent
      • Sim's
      • Prone
      • Lithotomy
      • Knee-chest

    Integumentary Assessment

    • Identify risk factors:
      • History of rashes, lesions, bruising, allergies
      • Exposures to sun, chemicals
      • Piercings or tattoos
      • Degree of mobility
      • Nutritional status
    • Inspection and palpation
    • Terminology:
      • Erythema (redness)
      • Ecchymosis (collection of blood in subcutaneous tissue)
      • Petechiae (hemorrhagic spots/capillary bleeding)
      • Cyanosis (bluish or grayish color)
      • Jaundice (yellow color)
      • Pallor (paleness)
      • Diaphoresis (excessive perspiration)
      • Turgor (elasticity)
      • Edema (excess fluid)

    Other Systems Assessments

    • Head and Neck:
      • Identify risk factors
      • Inspection and palpation
      • Visual acuity, extraocular movements, peripheral vision
      • Hearing and sound conduction
      • Thyroid gland and lymph nodes
    • Thorax and Lungs:
      • Identify risk factors
      • Inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion
      • Posterior thorax excursion/chest expansion
      • Lung sounds:
        • Bronchial or tubular
        • Bronchovesicular
        • Vesicular
        • Adventitious
        • Wheeze
        • Rhonchi
        • Crackles
        • Stridor
        • Friction rub
    • Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems:
      • Identify risk factors
      • Inspection, palpation, and auscultation
      • Carotid arteries, heart sounds, peripheral pulses
      • Neurovascular status
    • Abdomen:
      • Identify risk factors
      • Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation
      • Characteristics of masses:
        • Shape
        • Size
        • Consistency
        • Surface
        • Mobility
        • Tenderness
    • Musculoskeletal System:
      • Identify risk factors
      • Inspection, palpation
      • Neurovascular status
    • Neurological System:
      • Identify risk factors
      • History of numbness, tingling, seizures, trembling
      • Headaches or dizziness
      • Trauma to head or spine
      • History of HTN or stroke
      • Changes in vision, hearing, taste, or smell
      • History of diabetes or cardiovascular disease
      • Alcohol and medications
      • Health history interview
      • Mental status:
        • Level of consciousness
        • Level of awareness
        • Memory
        • Emotional status
        • Cognitive abilities and behavior
        • Cerebellar function
        • Cranial nerve function
        • Motor and sensory function
        • Reflexes

    Communication

    • Forms of Communication:
      • Verbal (e.g., telling a patient to wash their hands)
      • Non-Verbal (e.g., touch, eye contact, facial expressions)
    • Factors Influencing Communication:
      • Developmental level
      • Sociocultural differences
      • Roles and responsibilities
    • Providing Culturally Competent Patient Education:
      • Develop an understanding of the patient's culture
      • Work with a multicultural team
      • Be aware of personal assumptions, biases, and prejudices
      • Understand the core cultural values of the patient or group
      • Develop written material in the patient's preferred language

    Teaching and Learning

    • Assessment of the Learner:
      • Identify learning needs
      • Assess learning readiness
      • Assess learning style
      • Assess learning strengths
      • Consider the patient's motivation
    • Promoting Patient and Family/Caregiver Adherence:
      • Adherence is preferred over compliance
      • Refers to the extent to which a person's behavior corresponds with agreed-upon recommendations
      • Uses a team approach to the treatment plan
      • Reflects the patient's right to choose
      • Supports inclusive and active patient role
    • Suggested Teaching Strategies:
      • Cognitive domain: lecture, panel, discovery, written materials
      • Affective domain: role modeling, discussion, audiovisual materials
      • Psychomotor domain: demonstration, discovery, printed materials
    • Factors Affecting Patient Learning:
      • Age and developmental level
      • Family/caregiver support networks
      • Financial resources
      • Cultural influences and language
      • Health literacy
    • Teaching Plans for Older Adults:
      • Identify learning barriers
      • Allow extra time
      • Plan short teaching sessions
      • Accommodate for sensory deficits
      • Reduce environmental distractions
      • Relate new information to familiar activities or information
    • Effective Communication Techniques:
      • Be sincere and honest
      • Show genuine interest
      • Avoid giving too much detail
      • Ask if the patient has questions
      • Be a cheerleader for the patient
      • Use simple words
      • Vary the tone of voice and keep content clear and concise
      • Ensure the environment is conducive to learning and free from interruptions
      • Be sensitive to the timing and length of the session
    • Role of the Nurse as Coach:
      • Establishing relationships and identifying readiness for change
      • Identifying opportunities, issues, and concerns
      • Establishing patient-centered goals
      • Creating the structure of the coaching interaction
      • Empowering and motivating patients to reach goals
      • Assisting the patient to determine progress toward goals### Leadership Styles
    • Democratic: equality among leader and participants, shared decisions and activities
    • Laissez-faire: leader relinquishes power to the group, hard to identify the leader
    • Servant: leader serves others, prioritizes others' needs
    • Quantum: organization and members are interconnected and collaborative
    • Transactional: task-and-reward orientation
    • Transformational: charismatic, inspires and motivates others

    Leadership Qualities

    • Charismatic
    • Dynamic
    • Enthusiastic
    • Poised
    • Confident
    • Self-directed
    • Flexible
    • Knowledgeable
    • Politically aware

    Leadership Skills

    • Commitment to excellence
    • Problem-solving skills
    • Commitment to and passion for work
    • Trustworthiness and integrity
    • Respectfulness
    • Accessibility
    • Empathy and caring
    • Responsibility to enhance personal growth

    Conflict Resolution Strategies

    • Lewin's Theory of Change
      • Unfreezing: recognize need for change
      • Moving: plan and implement change
      • Refreezing: change becomes operational

    Achieving Self-Knowledge

    • Identify strengths
    • Evaluate work accomplishment
    • Clarify values
    • Determine where you belong and what you can contribute
    • Assume responsibility for relationships

    ANA Principles for Delegating Care

    • RN responsible for initial patient assessment, discharge planning, health education, care planning, triage, interpreting patient data, care of invasive lines, and administering parenteral medications
    • RN can delegate tasks such as assistance with basic care activities, collecting patient data, simple dressing changes, transfers, and postmortem care
    • RN responsible and accountable for nursing practice and supervises AP providing direct patient care
    • AP works in a supportive role to the RN

    Considerations When Delegating Nursing Care

    • Stability of the patient's condition
    • Complexity of the activity
    • Potential for harm
    • Predictability of the outcome
    • Overall context of other patient needs

    Overcoming Resistance to Change

    • Explain proposed change to all affected
    • List advantages of the change
    • Relate change to person's existing beliefs and values
    • Provide opportunities for open communication and feedback
    • Indicate how change will be evaluated
    • Introduce change gradually
    • Provide incentives for commitment to change

    Physical Assessment

    Types of Health Assessments

    • Comprehensive: conducted upon admission to healthcare facility
    • Ongoing partial: conducted at regular intervals
    • Focused: conducted to assess a specific problem
    • Emergency: conducted to determine life-threatening or unstable conditions

    Preparing the Patient for Physical Assessment

    • Consider physiologic and psychological needs of the patient
    • Explain the process to the patient
    • Ensure privacy and comfort

    Preparing the Environment for Physical Assessment

    • Ensure patient is as pain-free as possible
    • Prepare the examination table
    • Gather necessary supplies and instruments
    • Provide a comfortable room temperature

    Positions Used During a Physical Assessment

    • Standing: assess posture, balance, and gait
    • Sitting: assess upper body
    • Supine: assess abdominal muscles
    • Dorsal recumbent: assess rectum and vagina
    • Sim's: assess rectum and vagina
    • Prone: assess hip joint and posterior thorax
    • Lithotomy: assess female genitalia and rectum
    • Knee-chest: assess anus and rectum

    Integumentary Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: rashes, lesions, bruising, allergies
    • Inspection and palpation: assess skin, hair, and nails

    Head and Neck Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: vision changes, hearing loss, allergies
    • Inspection and palpation: assess eyes, ears, nose, and throat

    Thorax and Lungs Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: chest pain, lung disease, smoking
    • Inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion: assess lungs and chest

    Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: chest pain, palpitations, dizziness
    • Inspection, palpation, and auscultation: assess heart, blood pressure, and peripheral pulses

    Abdominal Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
    • Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation: assess abdomen and organs

    Musculoskeletal System Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: trauma, arthritis, neurologic disorders
    • Inspection, palpation, and range of motion exercises: assess muscles, bones, and joints

    Neurological System Assessment

    • Identify risk factors: numbness, tingling, seizures, trembling
    • Inspection, palpation, and tests of cognitive function: assess brain function and nervous system

    Communication

    Forms of Communication

    • Verbal communication: spoken words
    • Non-verbal communication: touch, facial expressions, body language, tone of voice

    Factors Influencing Communication

    • Developmental level
    • Sociocultural differences
    • Roles and responsibilities
    • Space and territoriality
    • Physical, mental, and emotional state
    • Values and beliefs
    • Environment

    The Therapeutic Relationship

    • Sets the climate for participants to work towards common goals
    • Characterized by unequal sharing of information
    • Patient should be the one oversharing### Leadership Styles
    • Democratic: characterized by a sense of equality among the leader and other participants, with shared decisions and activities
    • Laissez-faire: the leader relinquishes power to the group, making it difficult to identify the leader
    • Servant: begins with a natural feeling of wanting to serve
    • Quantum: views an organization and its members as interconnected and collaborative, helpful in unpredictable events and changing environments
    • Transactional: based on a task-and-reward orientation
    • Transformational: charismatic leaders inspire and motivate others

    Leadership Qualities

    • Charismatic
    • Dynamic
    • Enthusiastic
    • Poised
    • Confident
    • Self-directed
    • Flexible
    • Knowledgeable
    • Politically aware

    Leadership Skills

    • Commitment to excellence
    • Problem-solving skills
    • Commitment to and passion for one’s work
    • Trustworthiness and integrity
    • Respectfulness
    • Accessibility
    • Empathy and caring
    • Responsibility to enhance personal growth of all staff

    Conflict Resolution Strategies

    • Lewin’s Theory of Change:
      • Unfreezing: recognizing the need for change
      • Moving: change is initiated after careful planning
      • Refreezing: change becomes operational

    Achieving Self-Knowledge

    • Identify your strengths
    • Evaluate how you accomplish work
    • Clarify your values
    • Determine where you belong and what you can contribute
    • Assume responsibility for relationships

    ANA Principles for Delegating Care

    • RN is responsible for initial patient assessment, discharge planning, health education, care planning, triage, interpretation of patient data, care of invasive lines, and administering parenteral medications
    • RN can delegate tasks such as assistance with basic care activities, collecting patient data, simple dressing changes, transfers, and postmortem care
    • RN is responsible and accountable for nursing practice and supervises any AP providing direct patient care
    • Purpose of AP is to work in a supportive role to the RN

    Considerations When Delegating Nursing Care

    • Stability of the patient’s condition
    • Complexity of the activity
    • Potential for harm
    • Predictability of the outcome
    • Overall context of other patient needs

    Developing Leadership Responsibilities

    • Knowledge of the administrative structure
    • Mentorship
    • Preceptorship
    • Participation in nursing and other professional organizations
    • Continuing education

    Overcoming Resistance to Change

    • Explain proposed change to all affected
    • List the advantages of the change
    • Relate the change to the person’s existing beliefs and values
    • Provide opportunities for open communication and feedback
    • Indicate how change will be evaluated
    • Introduce change gradually
    • Provide incentives for commitment to change

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