READING AND WRITING - PREPARATION FOR Q2 EXAMINATION

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used and coined by Ted Nelson in 1963 to describe a non-linear way to present information?

Hypertext

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hypertext?

  • It is a non-linear way of presenting information.
  • It allows readers to create their own meaning out of the material.
  • It is a foundation of the World Wide Web.
  • It always follows a straight linear form. (correct)

Hypertext is a very different way of presenting information than the straight linear form.

True (A)

What is the term used to describe a process of text development that merges imitation and creation?

<p>Intertextuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of intertextuality?

<p>It is defined as a purely linear process of text development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are methods of intertextuality? (Select all that apply)

<p>Pastiche (A), Retelling (B), Allusion (C), Quotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an assertion?

<p>An assertion is a strong declaration, a forceful or confident statement expressing a belief or fact, which may or may not be supported by evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of assertion?

<p>Descriptive Assertion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a counterclaim do?

<p>A counterclaim expresses disagreement with a stated claim and presents a different side of the issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a critical reader do?

<p>They actively engage with the text, considering their own experiences and perspectives and formulating their own logical conclusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A generalization is a statement that is always true.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An analogy is a comparison between two things that are similar in all respects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an inference?

<p>An inference is a conclusion drawn based on existing information or evidence, often used to predict or explain future outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a counterclaim?

<p>It should agree with the stated claim. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of evidence?

<p>Hypothetical Evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a literature review?

<p>A literature review gathers and analyzes existing research on a topic to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of a position paper?

<p>A position paper aims to present a strong argument for a particular viewpoint or course of action on a specific issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a project proposal?

<p>A project proposal outlines a proposed project, program, or innovation seeking funding or implementation from an appropriate agency or association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An application letter is a formal document that should be short, precise, and simple.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is always appropriate to address a cover letter to "To Whomsoever It May Concern."

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it valuable to do research on the company before applying for a job?

<p>Researching the company helps demonstrate your genuine interest and understanding of their work. It allows you to tailor your application and highlight your relevant skills and experience that align with their needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A project proposal should include a detailed budget and schedule.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an application letter?

<p>An application letter introduces the applicant, highlights their relevant skills and experience, and expresses their enthusiasm for the specific position and company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An application letter should always be structured in a full block format?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hypertext

A non-linear way of presenting information using links to connect different pieces of content.

Intertextuality

When a text references, imitates, or transforms another text.

Static Hypertext

Hypertext that stays the same, like an encyclopedia.

Dynamic Hypertext

Hypertext that changes based on user input, such as e-commerce sites.

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Retelling (Intertextuality)

Restating a story in a new way.

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Quotation (Intertextuality)

Directly copying words from another text.

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Allusion (Intertextuality)

Referring to another text without directly quoting it.

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Pastiche

A work that copies the style of another text, usually without humor.

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Critical Reader

A reader who analyzes a text, considering their own experiences and perspectives.

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Generalization

A conclusion based on several specific instances or observations.

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Analogy

A comparison between two things that share similarities.

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Inference

Drawing a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning.

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Counterclaim

A statement that opposes a claim.

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Fact

A statement that can be proven true.

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Opinion

A personal belief or judgment that cannot be definitively proven.

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Assertion

A confident statement or declaration.

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Basic Assertion

A simple and direct statement of a belief or fact.

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Empathic Assertion

A statement expressing concern for the feelings of others.

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Positive Assertion

A statement expressing happiness, enjoyment, or optimism, emphasizing positive emotions.

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Preference Assertion

A statement expressing a personal choice.

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Textual Evidence

Support for claims and counterclaims in writing, using facts from a text.

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Study Notes

Hypertext

  • Coined by Ted Nelson in 1963
  • Non-linear way to present information
  • Uses "links" to connect related information
  • Allows users to create their own meaning
  • Foundation of the Web
  • Allows navigation through connections
  • Different from linear text, like books
  • Broken down into smaller units (lexias)
  • Acts as a bridge between free and shortcut knowledge elements

Intertext (Intertextuality)

  • Roots in the work of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
  • Defined by Julia Kristeva in the 1960s
  • Process of text development through imitation and creation
  • Authors influenced by other texts, consciously or unconsciously
  • Involves borrowing styles, characteristics, and ideas
  • Found in both creative and formal writing
  • Influences and culture of authors are intertwined
  • Transcends mediums (e.g., music inspiring poetry)
  • Inspiration from previously read texts

Critical Reader (Critical Reading)

  • Involves not just accepting the text's message, but also relating it to personal experiences
  • Formulating logical assertions based on understanding
  • Taking notes, paraphrasing, and using examples from other texts are key skills
  • Evaluating the text’s strengths and weaknesses
  • Interpreting the text and identifying meaning

Assertion

  • Strong declaration, confident statement
  • Often lacks proof
  • Aims to express ideas or feelings directly
  • Convinces the reader to accept writer's interpretation

Types of Assertion

  • Basic Assertion: Simple and direct, expressing empathy for others' feelings
  • Empathic Assertion: Recognizes and acknowledges other person's feelings; conveys care and understanding.
  • Positive Assertion: Expresses positive feelings and emotions
  • Preference Assertion: Expresses personal preference that cannot be objectively proved (subjective)

Textual Evidence

  • Deals with facts
  • Strategies to determine if information is accurate
  • Validates assertions and counterclaims

Types of Evidence

  • Statistical: Measurable data (e.g., numbers, percentages)
  • Testimonial: Evidence from experts (e.g., doctor, lawyer, police officer)
  • Anecdotal: Story-based evidence that can include opinion
  • Analogical: Uses comparison of two similar ideas

Book Review (Article Critique)

  • Critical analysis of a research article
  • Evaluating strengths, weaknesses, and overall contribution to the field
  • Similar to a conversation with the author, discussing the article's topic, arguments, and impact

Literature Review

  • Comprehensive collection of background knowledge
  • Aims to establish a relevant foundation for a research study
  • Sources are gathered, summarized, and cited

Research Report

  • Well-structured document for research
  • Outlines process, data, and findings to detail a systematic investigation

Position Paper

  • Essay presenting opinion on a specific issue
  • Typically includes introduction outlining the issue, body with arguments and evidence, and conclusion summarizing the arguments and suggesting a course of action.

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