Latin American Independence Leaders Quiz

Latin American Independence Leaders

• Toussaint L'Ouverture: Led the Haitian Revolution (1791-1803), advocating for slave freedom and establishing the first black republic.

South American Independence Leaders

• Simón Bolívar: Nicknamed "the Liberator," fought for independence in South American countries (1810-1825) aiming to create Gran Colombia.

• José de San Martín: An Argentine creole and military leader who fought for South American independence and refused the role of dictator.

Mexican Independence Leaders

• Miguel Hidalgo: A creole priest who initiated the Mexican War of Independence in 1810 with the "Grito de Dolores."

• José Morelos: A mestizo priest, led the Mexican independence movement (1811-1815) advocating for social and political reforms.

• Agustín de Iturbide: A military leader who switched sides in the Mexican Revolution, declaring himself emperor in 1821 but abdicated a year later.

Brazilian Independence

• Dom Pedro: Declared Brazil's independence peacefully in 1822, later abdicating in favor of his son after a conflict with Argentina.

Key Concepts and Movements

• Plan of Iguala: Sought Mexican independence, abolition of social classes, and maintenance of Catholicism.

• Creole: People of European descent born in Latin America, often involved in independence movements.

• Mestizo: Individuals of mixed European and indigenous descent, often following leaders like Hidalgo.

• Caste System: A social hierarchy abolished by some independence leaders, like José Morelos.

• Gran Colombia: A unified South American nation, envisioned by Simón Bolívar.