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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common transformation in the passing of information from one neuron to the next in a sensory pathway?
Which of the following is a common transformation in the passing of information from one neuron to the next in a sensory pathway?
What is lateral inhibition?
What is lateral inhibition?
What is the firing rate of cell d when a stimulus is applied to its receptive field?
What is the firing rate of cell d when a stimulus is applied to its receptive field?
What is the output activity of cell D if the input activity of cell d is 10?
What is the output activity of cell D if the input activity of cell d is 10?
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What is the contrast in activity between neuron D and its neighbors C and E?
What is the contrast in activity between neuron D and its neighbors C and E?
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What is the firing rate of all neurons in the absence of stimulation?
What is the firing rate of all neurons in the absence of stimulation?
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What is the synaptic gain factor used in the output activity calculation of the dorsal column nucleus cells?
What is the synaptic gain factor used in the output activity calculation of the dorsal column nucleus cells?
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According to the text, what is the synaptic gain of the inhibitory synapses in Figure B?
According to the text, what is the synaptic gain of the inhibitory synapses in Figure B?
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What is the effect of the inhibitory synapses on the activity of cell D compared to its neighbors C and E?
What is the effect of the inhibitory synapses on the activity of cell D compared to its neighbors C and E?
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How is the activity of each cell calculated in Figure B?
How is the activity of each cell calculated in Figure B?
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What is the contrast in activity between neuron D and its neighbors C and E in Figure B?
What is the contrast in activity between neuron D and its neighbors C and E in Figure B?
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What is the synaptic gain of the excitatory synapses in Figure B?
What is the synaptic gain of the excitatory synapses in Figure B?
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What is the effect of the inhibitory synapses on the activity of each cell in Figure B?
What is the effect of the inhibitory synapses on the activity of each cell in Figure B?
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What is the effect of adjusting the gain of the excitatory synapses in Figure B?
What is the effect of adjusting the gain of the excitatory synapses in Figure B?
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What is the difference in activity between neuron D and its neighbors C and E in Figure B?
What is the difference in activity between neuron D and its neighbors C and E in Figure B?
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Study Notes
Information Transfer in Sensory Pathways
- Neurons communicate through synaptic transmission, which involves the release of neurotransmitters from one neuron to bind to receptors on another.
- Transformation of information typically involves modulation of signal strength and integration of inputs from multiple neurons.
Lateral Inhibition
- A process where an activated neuron inhibits its neighbors, enhancing contrast in sensory information.
- It helps sharpen sensory perception by reducing the responses of adjacent neurons.
Firing Rate of Cell D
- The firing rate of cell D is directly influenced by the stimulus applied to its receptive field.
- Determines how strongly cell D responds under stimulation.
Output Activity of Cell D
- If cell D receives an input activity of 10, its output activity is calculated using synaptic gain factors and additional input considerations.
Contrast in Activity
- Contrast between neuron D and its neighbors C and E is measured by their activity levels, enhancing the sensory signal through inhibition.
Firing Rate in Absence of Stimulation
- All neurons exhibit a baseline firing rate even without external stimuli, indicating ongoing metabolic and resting activity.
Synaptic Gain Factor
- The synaptic gain factor is a numerical value used to scale the output activity of cells in the dorsal column nuclei, reflecting the effectiveness of synaptic transmission.
Synaptic Gain of Inhibitory Synapses
- Inhibitory synapses in the discussed figure are characterized by a specific synaptic gain that reduces the activity of the target neuron.
Effect of Inhibitory Synapses
- The inhibitory synapses decrease the firing rate of cell D compared to neighboring cells C and E, enhancing contrast.
Activity Calculation in Figure B
- Each cell's activity is calculated based on input activity, synaptic gains, and the influence of neighboring inhibitory and excitatory inputs.
Contrast in Activity in Figure B
- The activity contrast between neuron D and its neighbors C and E is shown through differential firing rates due to synaptic interactions.
Synaptic Gain of Excitatory Synapses
- Excitatory synapses in Figure B possess a defined synaptic gain that amplifies the activity of target neurons, contributing to overall sensory processing.
Effect of Inhibitory Synapses on Each Cell
- Inhibitory synapses affect each cell by leading to reduced activity levels based on lateral inhibition principles.
Adjusting Gain of Excitatory Synapses
- Altering the gain of excitatory synapses can increase or decrease the overall excitatory drive to neurons, impacting their response to stimuli.
Difference in Activity in Figure B
- The difference in activity levels between neuron D and its neighboring cells C and E illustrates the degree of lateral inhibition and excitatory influence.
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Description
Test your knowledge on lateral inhibition, a process in which differences in activity between neighboring neurons are amplified, leading to contrast enhancement in sensory pathways. Explore how this phenomenon occurs in retinal ganglion cells and its impact on photoreceptor input.
