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Questions and Answers
What is the role of upper motor neurons in the voluntary movement process?
What is the role of upper motor neurons in the voluntary movement process?
Which pathway is primarily responsible for controlling movements of the face and head?
Which pathway is primarily responsible for controlling movements of the face and head?
What type of movements does the anterior corticospinal pathway primarily transmit?
What type of movements does the anterior corticospinal pathway primarily transmit?
Which motor neuron type has cell bodies located in the anterior gray horn?
Which motor neuron type has cell bodies located in the anterior gray horn?
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What is the nature of control provided by direct pathways in motor control?
What is the nature of control provided by direct pathways in motor control?
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What is the primary function of ascending pathways in the nervous system?
What is the primary function of ascending pathways in the nervous system?
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Which neuron in the somatic sensory pathway is responsible for relaying information from the receptor to the brainstem or spinal cord?
Which neuron in the somatic sensory pathway is responsible for relaying information from the receptor to the brainstem or spinal cord?
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In which tract is crude touch and pressure information transmitted to the cerebral cortex?
In which tract is crude touch and pressure information transmitted to the cerebral cortex?
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What describes the pathway that transmits proprioceptive information from the lower trunk and lower limbs to the cerebellum?
What describes the pathway that transmits proprioceptive information from the lower trunk and lower limbs to the cerebellum?
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Which type of sensory pathway does NOT relay sensations we are consciously aware of?
Which type of sensory pathway does NOT relay sensations we are consciously aware of?
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What term describes the crossing over of pathways to the opposite side of the brain?
What term describes the crossing over of pathways to the opposite side of the brain?
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The Fasciculus Gracilis is responsible for transmitting which type of information?
The Fasciculus Gracilis is responsible for transmitting which type of information?
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Which motor pathway is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?
Which motor pathway is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?
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Study Notes
Sensory Pathways
- Sensory pathways carry sensory information
- Conscious awareness: sensations we are consciously aware of
- Anterior spinothalamic tract: transmits crude touch, pressure, itch, and tickle; contralateral
- Lateral spinothalamic tract: transmits pain and temperature to cerebral cortex; contralateral
- Fasciculus Gracilis: transmits fine touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from the inferior half of the body; contralateral
- Fasciculus Cuneatus: transmits fine touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from the superior half of the body; contralateral
- Spinomesencephalic tract: transmits pain and touch to mesencephalon; contralateral
- Spinoreticular tract: transmits pain; contralateral or ipsilateral
- Anterior spinocerebellar tract: transmits proprioceptive information from lower trunk and lower limbs to cerebellum; ipsilateral
- Posterior spinocerebellar tract: transmits proprioceptive information from thoracic and upper lumbar areas, upper trunk and upper limbs to cerebellum; ipsilateral
Motor Pathways
- Motor pathways carry motor commands
- Involuntary movements: reflexes mediated through spinal cord and brainstem
- Voluntary movements: consciously activated to achieve a specific goal; occur automatically once started
- Upper motor neurons: cell bodies in cerebral cortex; primary motor cortex to brainstem or spinal cord
- Lower motor neurons: cell bodies in anterior gray horn or cranial nerve nuclei; travel brainstem or spinal cord to skeletal muscles
- Voluntary movements require multiple steps: primary motor cortex initiation, coordination via cerebellum and basal nuclei, upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons. Lower motor neurons stimulate skeletal muscles
- Direct pathways: control voluntary, conscious pathways; involved in maintaining muscle tone and controlling speed and precision of skilled motor movements
- Anterior corticospinal pathway: transmits movement of neck and trunk
- Lateral corticospinal pathway: transmits movement of neck, trunk, limbs, especially fingers
- Corticobulbar pathway: transmits movement of head and face, such as facial expressions and chewing
Decussation
- Decussation: cross-over of pathways to the other side of the brain
- Ipsilateral: pathway does not cross over
- Contralateral: pathway crosses over
Somatic Sensory Pathways
- Somatic sensory pathways: consist of a series of neurons called the labeled line.
- 1st order neuron: receptor up to brainstem or spinal cord
- 2nd order neuron: runs from brainstem or spinal cord to thalamus
- 3rd order neuron: thalamus to sensory cortex
- Collectively, these neurons are known as a labeled line
- Usually named for their origin or termination
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Description
Test your understanding of sensory pathways in the nervous system with this quiz. Explore the intricacies of how different tracts transmit sensory information, including crude touch, pain, and proprioception. Enhance your knowledge of the anatomical pathways involved in these sensations.
