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Questions and Answers
What event marked the shift of the United States from isolationism to an imperial power?
What event marked the shift of the United States from isolationism to an imperial power?
Which of the following best describes the concept of isolationism as practiced by the United States in the 19th century?
Which of the following best describes the concept of isolationism as practiced by the United States in the 19th century?
What was a primary motivation for the United States to pursue an imperial mission?
What was a primary motivation for the United States to pursue an imperial mission?
Which territorial acquisitions resulted directly from the outcome of the Spanish-American War?
Which territorial acquisitions resulted directly from the outcome of the Spanish-American War?
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Which president is MOST closely associated with the idea of 'Manifest Destiny'?
Which president is MOST closely associated with the idea of 'Manifest Destiny'?
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The United States acquired a vast territory from which country, as a result of the Mexican-American War?
The United States acquired a vast territory from which country, as a result of the Mexican-American War?
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What advice did George Washington give in his Farewell Address regarding foreign relations?
What advice did George Washington give in his Farewell Address regarding foreign relations?
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The Oregon Treaty of 1846 resolved a boundary dispute between the US and which other nation?
The Oregon Treaty of 1846 resolved a boundary dispute between the US and which other nation?
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Which present-day states were NOT part of the territory acquired by the United States as a result of the treaty?
Which present-day states were NOT part of the territory acquired by the United States as a result of the treaty?
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The concept of Manifest Destiny, embraced by President Polk, led to which of the following?
The concept of Manifest Destiny, embraced by President Polk, led to which of the following?
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What was a significant outcome of the United States becoming the world's leading industrial power?
What was a significant outcome of the United States becoming the world's leading industrial power?
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What did historian Frederick Jackson Turner declare in 1893, and what was a consequence of this?
What did historian Frederick Jackson Turner declare in 1893, and what was a consequence of this?
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The Spanish-American War resulted in which of the following acquisitions by the United States?
The Spanish-American War resulted in which of the following acquisitions by the United States?
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A major concern of the Anti-Imperialist League was that imperialism would cause which of these?
A major concern of the Anti-Imperialist League was that imperialism would cause which of these?
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Which phrase did Americans use to refer to their perceived duty to uplift groups of people in Latin American and the Pacific?
Which phrase did Americans use to refer to their perceived duty to uplift groups of people in Latin American and the Pacific?
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Which of the following time periods saw the largest migration of people from Europe to the Americas?
Which of the following time periods saw the largest migration of people from Europe to the Americas?
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Which of the following reasons contributed to mass migration from Europe to the Americas?
Which of the following reasons contributed to mass migration from Europe to the Americas?
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Which of the following best describes the migration pattern from 1870-1914?
Which of the following best describes the migration pattern from 1870-1914?
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What does the provided data suggest about migrations across the long 19th century?
What does the provided data suggest about migrations across the long 19th century?
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What significant demographic shift occurred during the long nineteenth century?
What significant demographic shift occurred during the long nineteenth century?
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What was the population of London in 1900, according to the provided data?
What was the population of London in 1900, according to the provided data?
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Which city experienced the most significant population growth between 1800 and 1900?
Which city experienced the most significant population growth between 1800 and 1900?
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Which of the following cities did not appear on the list of the world's largest cities in 1800?
Which of the following cities did not appear on the list of the world's largest cities in 1800?
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What is a significant demographic trend observed in Europe during the 19th century?
What is a significant demographic trend observed in Europe during the 19th century?
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What was a primary 'push' factor driving many people from rural to urban areas in 19th-century Europe?
What was a primary 'push' factor driving many people from rural to urban areas in 19th-century Europe?
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Which of these did not act as a significant 'push' factor for migration in the 19th century?
Which of these did not act as a significant 'push' factor for migration in the 19th century?
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How did the expansion of the British Empire create a 'pull' factor for migration?
How did the expansion of the British Empire create a 'pull' factor for migration?
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What was the primary characteristic of 'indentured' labor contracts during the 19th century?
What was the primary characteristic of 'indentured' labor contracts during the 19th century?
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Which of the following best describes the practice of slavery in the 19th century?
Which of the following best describes the practice of slavery in the 19th century?
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Why were some labor migrants in the 19th century moved from China to Southeast Asia?
Why were some labor migrants in the 19th century moved from China to Southeast Asia?
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What was a common factor that contributed to famines in the 19th century?
What was a common factor that contributed to famines in the 19th century?
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Besides enslaved people, who else was subject to forced migration in the 19th century?
Besides enslaved people, who else was subject to forced migration in the 19th century?
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What was a major 'pull' factor for Europeans to migrate to places like the USA, Canada, and Latin America?
What was a major 'pull' factor for Europeans to migrate to places like the USA, Canada, and Latin America?
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Which of these cities grew in size significantly during the period mentioned?
Which of these cities grew in size significantly during the period mentioned?
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What does the text say about the movement of people from rural to urban areas at this time?
What does the text say about the movement of people from rural to urban areas at this time?
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Which of these was NOT a primary reason why some people left Europe?
Which of these was NOT a primary reason why some people left Europe?
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What was the main reason factory work didn't always meet the expectations of people who migrated to cities?
What was the main reason factory work didn't always meet the expectations of people who migrated to cities?
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What was a way in which corporations in the 19th century created a pull factor for laborers?
What was a way in which corporations in the 19th century created a pull factor for laborers?
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Study Notes
Late 19th Century US Imperialism
- US abandoned isolationism, becoming an imperial power after the Spanish-American War.
- Acquired Cuba (influence), Hawaii (annexation), Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines (territories).
- Motivations for imperialism: new markets for industrial goods, belief in American racial/cultural superiority.
End of Isolationism
- US, a former colony, initially prioritized avoiding foreign entanglements.
- George Washington's Farewell Address advised against foreign alliances.
- For a century, US largely adhered to isolationist policies.
- Vast US growth occurred due to isolation, attracting immigrants fleeing wars, famines, and revolutions.
James K. Polk and Manifest Destiny
- President James K. Polk (1845-1849) championed Manifest Destiny.
- Led US to victory in the Mexican-American War, acquiring vast Southwestern territory.
- Resolved Oregon Territory boundary dispute with Britain (Oregon Treaty of 1846).
- US acquired Idaho, Oregon, Washington, parts of Montana, and Wyoming.
- Manifest Destiny inflamed pre-Civil War tensions over slavery and pushed conflict with Native Americans.
US Becomes an Empire
- US emerged as a leading industrial power, which caused concern about market saturation after Manifest Destiny.
- Historian Frederick Jackson Turner declared the frontier closed.
- The Spanish-American War resulted in significant US influence over Cuba and control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines.
- Anti-imperialist sentiment arose, questioning the US's role as an imperial power and the implications.
Industrialization & Migration
- Massive migrations occurred between 1750–1914, connecting the world in new ways.
- Africa to Americas (1750-1830): 9 million (primarily forced)
- Europe to Americas (1850-1914): 40 million
- India/China to Southeast Asia (1860-1914): 38 million
- Russia, China, Japan to Central Asia (1870-1914): 26 million
- Causes:
- End of Atlantic Slave Trade
- European population explosion
- Loss of land due to industrialization
- Asian population growth
- Government-funded relocation
- Colonial demands for labor
- Rise of huge cities, particularly in Americas and Europe, highlighted rural-to-urban migration. Example growth: London (7x), Paris (6x), New York.
Patterns of Migration: Push & Pull
-
Push factors: factors that drive people away from their homeland
- Difficulties in home countries (e.g., famine, war, religious persecution).
- Industrialization displacing rural populations.
- Poor land ownership practices.
-
Pull factors: attracted people to new places
- Colonial demand for labor.
- Opportunity for land ownership.
- Industrial jobs.
- Slavery and forced migration: played a crucial role. Slavery and indentured servitude persist across the globe.
- Prisoner relocation: Convicts from Europe were often sent to penal colonies (e.g., Australia, Siberia).
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Description
Explore the dynamics of late 19th-century US imperialism, focusing on the shift from isolationism following the Spanish-American War. This quiz covers the motivations behind imperial expansion, territorial acquisitions, and the influence of Manifest Destiny under President James K. Polk.
