Larynx & Ear
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

  • Regulating body temperature
  • Facilitating gas exchange
  • Playing a role in voice production and airway protection (correct)
  • Producing insulin

Which cartilage forms a complete ring around the airway in the respiratory tract?

  • Epiglottic cartilage
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Hyoid bone
  • Cricoid cartilage (correct)

Which nerve innervates the larynx and has a course that wraps around the aortic arch on the left side and subclavian artery on the right side?

  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Vagus nerve (correct)
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Accessory nerve

Which structure consists of two laminae that fuse at an angle to form the Adam's Apple?

<p>Thyroid cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cartilages join to form the laryngeal skeleton?

<p>Nine cartilages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions are associated with the larynx?

<p><strong>Role in phonation for voice production and guarding the airway during swallowing</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms the superior opening of the larynx?

<p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is NOT part of the vocal apparatus?

<p>Thyroarytenoid ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cricothyroid muscle?

<p>Tenses the vocal cords (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the sensory aspect of the vocal folds?

<p>Internal laryngeal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibular folds in the larynx?

<p>Assist in closure of the laryngeal inlet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the infraglottic cavity located?

<p>Below the rima glottidis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary ligament that connects the cricoid to the thyroid cartilage?

<p>Stabilizing the larynx during swallowing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages?

<p>Aryepiglottic ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the thyroid cartilage?

<p>Connecting to the hyoid bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the median cricothyroid ligament connect?

<p>Cricoid to thyroid anteriorly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is composed of a fibro-elastic membrane and aids in phonation?

<p>Conus elasticus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the quadrangular membrane in the larynx?

<p>Supporting the vocal cords (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tympanic membrane in the ear?

<p>Form the boundary between the external and internal portions of the ear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for controlling sound conduction in the middle ear?

<p>Stapedius and Tensor tympani (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the Vestibulocochlear Organ in the inner ear?

<p>Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for balance and position in the inner ear?

<p>Semicircular canals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the auricle in the ear?

<p>Collect sound waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones make up the ossicles chain in the middle ear?

<p>Malleus, Incus, Stapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle paralysis results in a monotone voice?

<p>Cricothyroid muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

<p>Hoarseness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?

<p>External laryngeal nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom arises from paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle?

<p>Tiring easily when speaking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve affect breathing?

<p>Severely impairs breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the external (outer) ear?

<p>Collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their correct location within the larynx:

<p>Rima Glottidis = Space between right and left vocal folds Vestibule = Part of the larynx between the superior aperture and the vestibular folds Ventricles = Lateral expansions of the laryngeal cavity between the vestibular folds and vocal folds Glottis = Vocal apparatus of the larynx; consists of the vocal folds and the opening between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ligaments with their associated structures in the larynx:

<p>Quadrangular Membrane = Extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages Thyrohyoid membrane = Connects thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone Vestibular folds = Formed by the vestibular ligaments Vocal folds = Formed by the vocal ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following arteries with their branches involved in laryngeal innervation:

<p>Superior laryngeal artery = Pierces thyrohyoid membrane with internal laryngeal nerve Inferior laryngeal artery = Branch of inferior thyroid artery (off thyrocervical trunk)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle actions with their corresponding functions in the larynx:

<p>Posterior cricoarytenoid = Abducts cords Lateral cricoarytenoid/ Transverse arytenoid = Adducts cords Thyroarytenoid (vocalis) = Relaxes cords Cricothyroid = Stretches / tenses cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their correct descriptions in the larynx:

<p>Infraglottic Cavity = Inferior-most part of the laryngeal cavity extending from rima glottidis superiorly to trachea inferiorly Laryngeal Outlet = Located at lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions with the corresponding laryngeal structures:

<p>Guards the air passageway during swallowing, maintaining a patent airway = Cricoid cartilage Role in phonation for voice production = Thyroid cartilage Gives flexibility to the epiglottis = Epiglottic cartilage Forms a complete ring around the airway = Cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve-related descriptions with their effects on voice production:

<p>Explain resulting effects of nerve injuries of the larynx. = Voice production impairment What symptom arises from paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle? = Monotone voice What is the consequence of a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve? = Breathing difficulty How does bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve affect breathing? = Severe breathing impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their functions in the larynx:

<p>External laryngeal nerve (GSE) = Paralysis results in a monotone voice Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Inferior laryngeal n.) (GSE, GVA) = Unilateral injury results in hoarseness and possible difficulty in clearing one’s throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their functions in the ear:

<p>External (outer) ear = Collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic membrane Ear vestibular portion = Responsible for equilibrium Ear cochlear portion = Responsible for audition or hearing Tympanic membrane = Function is to transmit sound vibrations to the ossicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their main functions:

<p>Auricle in ear = Collects sound waves and directs them into external auditory canal Adam's Apple (Thyroid cartilage) = Consists of two laminae that fuse and protect vocal cords Ossicles chain in middle ear = Transmits sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to inner ear fluid Cricopharyngeus part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle = Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ear structures with their primary functions:

<p>Auricle = Collects sound waves Tympanic membrane = Transmits waves to the ossicles of the middle ear Semicircular canals &amp; vestibule = Responsible for balance and position Cochlea = Responsible for auditory sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following middle ear components with their functions:

<p>Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) = Transmit sound wave induced vibrations to the fluid of the inner ear Stapedius muscle = Innervated by CN VII Tensor tympani muscle = Innervated by CN V3 Middle ear = Transmits sound wave induced vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their innervation targets in the ear:

<p>Chorda tympani (CN VII) = Innervates the internal ear structures Tympanic plexus (CN VII, CN IX, sympathetics) = Provides neural supply to the middle and internal ear Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) = Innervates the Vestibulocochlear Organ Facial nerve (CN VII) = Innervates muscles in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

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