43 Questions
What is the primary function of the larynx?
Playing a role in voice production and airway protection
Which cartilage forms a complete ring around the airway in the respiratory tract?
Cricoid cartilage
Which nerve innervates the larynx and has a course that wraps around the aortic arch on the left side and subclavian artery on the right side?
Vagus nerve
Which structure consists of two laminae that fuse at an angle to form the Adam's Apple?
Thyroid cartilage
How many cartilages join to form the laryngeal skeleton?
Nine cartilages
Which of the following functions are associated with the larynx?
Role in phonation for voice production and guarding the airway during swallowing
What structure forms the superior opening of the larynx?
Epiglottis
Which ligament is NOT part of the vocal apparatus?
Thyroarytenoid ligament
What is the main function of the cricothyroid muscle?
Tenses the vocal cords
Which nerve innervates the sensory aspect of the vocal folds?
Internal laryngeal nerve
What is the function of the vestibular folds in the larynx?
Assist in closure of the laryngeal inlet
Where is the infraglottic cavity located?
Below the rima glottidis
What is the function of the primary ligament that connects the cricoid to the thyroid cartilage?
Stabilizing the larynx during swallowing
Which structure extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages?
Aryepiglottic ligament
Which of the following is NOT a function of the thyroid cartilage?
Connecting to the hyoid bone
Where does the median cricothyroid ligament connect?
Cricoid to thyroid anteriorly
Which structure is composed of a fibro-elastic membrane and aids in phonation?
Conus elasticus
What is the main role of the quadrangular membrane in the larynx?
Supporting the vocal cords
What is the function of the tympanic membrane in the ear?
Form the boundary between the external and internal portions of the ear
Which muscles are responsible for controlling sound conduction in the middle ear?
Stapedius and Tensor tympani
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the Vestibulocochlear Organ in the inner ear?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Which structure is responsible for balance and position in the inner ear?
Semicircular canals
What is the function of the auricle in the ear?
Collect sound waves
Which bones make up the ossicles chain in the middle ear?
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Which muscle paralysis results in a monotone voice?
Cricothyroid muscle
What is the consequence of a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Hoarseness
Which nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?
External laryngeal nerve
What symptom arises from paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle?
Tiring easily when speaking
How does bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve affect breathing?
Severely impairs breathing
What is the function of the external (outer) ear?
Collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic membrane
Match the following structures with their correct location within the larynx:
Rima Glottidis = Space between right and left vocal folds Vestibule = Part of the larynx between the superior aperture and the vestibular folds Ventricles = Lateral expansions of the laryngeal cavity between the vestibular folds and vocal folds Glottis = Vocal apparatus of the larynx; consists of the vocal folds and the opening between them
Match the following ligaments with their associated structures in the larynx:
Quadrangular Membrane = Extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages Thyrohyoid membrane = Connects thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone Vestibular folds = Formed by the vestibular ligaments Vocal folds = Formed by the vocal ligaments
Match the following arteries with their branches involved in laryngeal innervation:
Superior laryngeal artery = Pierces thyrohyoid membrane with internal laryngeal nerve Inferior laryngeal artery = Branch of inferior thyroid artery (off thyrocervical trunk)
Match the following muscle actions with their corresponding functions in the larynx:
Posterior cricoarytenoid = Abducts cords Lateral cricoarytenoid/ Transverse arytenoid = Adducts cords Thyroarytenoid (vocalis) = Relaxes cords Cricothyroid = Stretches / tenses cords
Match the following structures with their correct descriptions in the larynx:
Infraglottic Cavity = Inferior-most part of the laryngeal cavity extending from rima glottidis superiorly to trachea inferiorly Laryngeal Outlet = Located at lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6)
Match the following functions with the corresponding laryngeal structures:
Guards the air passageway during swallowing, maintaining a patent airway = Cricoid cartilage Role in phonation for voice production = Thyroid cartilage Gives flexibility to the epiglottis = Epiglottic cartilage Forms a complete ring around the airway = Cricoid cartilage
Match the following nerve-related descriptions with their effects on voice production:
Explain resulting effects of nerve injuries of the larynx. = Voice production impairment What symptom arises from paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle? = Monotone voice What is the consequence of a unilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve? = Breathing difficulty How does bilateral lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve affect breathing? = Severe breathing impairment
Match the following nerves with their functions in the larynx:
External laryngeal nerve (GSE) = Paralysis results in a monotone voice Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Inferior laryngeal n.) (GSE, GVA) = Unilateral injury results in hoarseness and possible difficulty in clearing one’s throat
Match the following structures with their functions in the ear:
External (outer) ear = Collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic membrane Ear vestibular portion = Responsible for equilibrium Ear cochlear portion = Responsible for audition or hearing Tympanic membrane = Function is to transmit sound vibrations to the ossicles
Match the following structures with their main functions:
Auricle in ear = Collects sound waves and directs them into external auditory canal Adam's Apple (Thyroid cartilage) = Consists of two laminae that fuse and protect vocal cords Ossicles chain in middle ear = Transmits sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to inner ear fluid Cricopharyngeus part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle = Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
Match the following ear structures with their primary functions:
Auricle = Collects sound waves Tympanic membrane = Transmits waves to the ossicles of the middle ear Semicircular canals & vestibule = Responsible for balance and position Cochlea = Responsible for auditory sense
Match the following middle ear components with their functions:
Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) = Transmit sound wave induced vibrations to the fluid of the inner ear Stapedius muscle = Innervated by CN VII Tensor tympani muscle = Innervated by CN V3 Middle ear = Transmits sound wave induced vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
Match the following nerves with their innervation targets in the ear:
Chorda tympani (CN VII) = Innervates the internal ear structures Tympanic plexus (CN VII, CN IX, sympathetics) = Provides neural supply to the middle and internal ear Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) = Innervates the Vestibulocochlear Organ Facial nerve (CN VII) = Innervates muscles in the middle ear
Test your knowledge on the learning objectives related to the structure, muscles, nerves, and effects of nerve injuries in the larynx as part of the DPM program. Questions cover topics like hyoid bone structure, larynx muscles, recurrent laryngeal nerves, and more.
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