Laryngitis Overview and Etiology
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Questions and Answers

Which treatment is specifically indicated for chronic laryngitis associated with gastro-esophageal reflux?

  • Corticosteroid treatment
  • Voice therapy
  • Pharmacological treatment of the reflux disorder (correct)
  • Management with antibiotics

    • What is the most common cause of hoarseness based on the provided data?

  • Functional dysphonia
  • Chronic laryngitis (correct)
  • Benign tumors
  • Neurogenic factors

    • Which of the following is NOT a recognized treatment method for hoarseness?

  • Drug therapy for specific patient groups
  • Voice therapy
  • Surgical intervention
  • Empirical treatment with antibiotics (correct)

    • How prevalent is dysphonia among patients in the general population?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the pathophysiology of hoarseness?

    <p>Irregular oscillation due to hypertonic dysphonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acute laryngitis?

    <p>Viral upper respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to present in a case of simple acute laryngitis?

    <p>Significant dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of symptoms in viral laryngitis?

    <p>3 to 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of laryngitis, which group is at higher risk for malignancy and serious infections?

    <p>Smokers and the immunocompromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral agent is NOT typically associated with causing acute laryngitis?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional symptoms may require a more thorough workup in a patient presenting with acute laryngitis?

    <p>Drooling and dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of laryngitis is classified as more common?

    <p>Infectious laryngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute laryngitis can often be diagnosed by:

    <p>A thorough history of present illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the most effective type of medication for treating LPR-related laryngitis?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT included in the differential diagnosis of laryngitis?

    <p>Acute bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recommended if acute laryngitis does not respond to treatment?

    <p>Referral to an otolaryngologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for recovery to a premorbid level of phonation in patients with LPR-related laryngitis who complete therapy?

    <p>Excellent prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment modality has no recognized role in managing acute laryngitis according to the guidelines?

    <p>Antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy may be indicated if vocal maladaptation occurs as a result of laryngitis?

    <p>Voice therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a self-limiting condition in the context of LPR-related laryngitis?

    <p>A condition that resolves on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is effective against gastroesophageal reflux but not specifically cited for acute laryngitis?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for vocal cord malignancies?

    <p>Laser surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by constant voice hoarseness?

    <p>Vocal cord scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is presbyphonia typically treated?

    <p>Voice therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with laryngopharyngeal reflux experience hoarseness?

    <p>9.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with dyspnea?

    <p>Vocal cord malignancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for tuberculosis in this context?

    <p>Tuberculostatic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is common across several rheumatologic diseases?

    <p>Hoarseness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is indicated for laryngopharyngeal reflux without signs of reflux?

    <p>PPIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hoarseness?

    <p>Acute laryngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is suggested for spasmodic dysphonia?

    <p>Administration of botulinum toxin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cases does acute laryngitis represent?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by sudden hoarseness for hours or days?

    <p>Psychogenic dysphonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial treatment for vocal cord paresis?

    <p>Voice therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phonosurgery involve?

    <p>Operative intervention using microinstruments or laser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of dysphonia related to neurological diseases?

    <p>Variable hoarseness and breathing impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is least relevant for acute laryngitis?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from the improper orientation of a tracheostomy tube?

    <p>Excessive pressure on the posterior tracheal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it safe to change the tracheostomy tube after placement?

    <p>After the first tracheostomy tube change at 5 to 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of humidification of gases in post-tracheostomy care?

    <p>To prevent thick or dried out secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to maintain proper tracheostomy tube cuff pressure?

    <p>20 to 25 mm Hg range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alternative feeding method is advised for patients with a tracheostomy and an indwelling nasogastric tube?

    <p>Gastrostomy tube feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action for patients who are alert and cooperative after a tracheostomy?

    <p>Consider downsizing the tracheostomy tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate care should be provided within the first 24 hours post-tracheostomy?

    <p>Suction the lumen every hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of having a tracheoesophageal fistula?

    <p>Increased incidence of tracheobronchial contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Laryngitis

    • Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx, often due to an acute viral infection lasting 3-7 days.
    • Viral infections are the most common cause, typically following an upper respiratory infection (URI).
    • Non-infectious causes of laryngitis include vocal trauma/abuse, allergies, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), asthma, environmental pollutants, and inhalational injuries.
    • Symptoms often include hoarseness, vocal fatigue, and a dry cough; breathing difficulties are less common.
    • Risk factors include smoking and immunocompromised status.
    • The condition is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own, frequently within a week.
    • Differential diagnoses may include more serious conditions that mimic acute laryngitis.

    Etiology

    • Acute laryngitis is typically caused by viral infections.
    • Common viral agents include rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and influenza.
    • Bacterial superinfection can develop about 7 days after viral symptoms begin.
    • Acute infectious laryngitis in adults is most commonly due to viral agents.
    • Pediatric acute laryngitis often involves the same viral agents, although croup is an important consideration in this setting.

    Diagnosis

    • Diagnosis is often based on medical history and physical examination.
    • Indirect laryngeal examination with a mirror, or a flexible laryngoscope may be used to confirm diagnosis.
    • Early stages show erythema and edema of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids, and vocal cords.
    • Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the condition.

    Treatment

    • Treatment is generally supportive and depends on the severity of laryngitis.
    • Resting the voice is crucial.
    • Steam inhalation can ease symptoms.
    • Avoidance of irritants (e.g., smoking) is recommended.
    • Dietary modifications may be necessary if underlying conditions like GERD are suspected.
    • Use of antibiotics is not routinely recommended except in high-risk individuals or when bacterial infection is suspected.
    • Consideration is given to underlying conditions.

    Differential Diagnosis

    • Spasmodic dysphonia
    • Reflux laryngitis
    • Chronic allergic laryngitis
    • Epiglottitis
    • Neoplasm

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    Laryngeal Diseases, Voice Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key aspects of laryngitis, including its common causes, symptoms, and risk factors. Understand the role of viral infections and potential non-infectious triggers behind this inflammation of the larynx. Test your knowledge of this condition's characteristics and differential diagnoses.

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