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Questions and Answers
What is the primary means of diagnosing tracheitis?
What is the primary means of diagnosing tracheitis?
What is the most common cause of acute bronchitis?
What is the most common cause of acute bronchitis?
What is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
What is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
What is the primary reason for considering suspicion for tracheitis?
What is the primary reason for considering suspicion for tracheitis?
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What is the treatment for mild to moderate cases of tracheitis?
What is the treatment for mild to moderate cases of tracheitis?
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What is a common symptom of bronchitis?
What is a common symptom of bronchitis?
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What is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis?
What is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis?
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What is the purpose of laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopy in tracheitis?
What is the purpose of laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopy in tracheitis?
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What is a common complication of tracheitis that requires admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)?
What is a common complication of tracheitis that requires admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)?
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What is the duration of wet cough in acute bronchitis?
What is the duration of wet cough in acute bronchitis?
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Study Notes
Laryngitis
- Symptoms include hoarse voice, fever, cough, pain in the front of the neck, and painful swallowing
- Symptoms usually last less than two weeks
- Vocal cords may be examined via laryngoscopy
- Other conditions with similar symptoms include epiglottitis, croup, and foreign body inhalation
Treatment of Laryngitis
- Acute form generally resolves without specific treatment
- Chronic form occurs most often in middle age and is more common in men than women
- Supportive measures include resting the voice, sufficient fluids for hydration and humidification, and antibiotics in bacterial laryngitis
Tracheitis
- Symptoms include barking cough following a recent URI, inspiratory stridor, 'scratchy' feeling in the throat, chest pain, labored breathing, fever, ear ache, headache, and dizziness
- Caused by Staph. aureus that often follows a recent viral URI
- Most serious in young children due to the small size of the trachea that can be easily blocked by edema
Diagnosis of Tracheitis
- Diagnosed clinically, often confused with croup
- Children can develop symptoms of epiglottitis within hours
Treatment of Tracheitis
- Mild to moderate cases are managed at home
- More severe cases require admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for intubation, supportive ventilation, and IV antibiotics
- Invasive and non-invasive monitoring may be required in PICU
Epiglottitis
- Symptoms include fever, sore throat, stridor, difficult and painful swallowing, drooling, anxiety, and irritability
- Diagnosed at emergency care facility, no attempt at home to open the mouth forcefully and view the throat
- Oxygen saturation needs to be monitored, and laryngoscopy is performed to look for evidence of epiglottic swelling or obstruction
Treatment of Epiglottitis
- Maintaining PaO2 > 94% is an important measure to prevent further complications
- Intubation, ventilator support, and tracheostomy may be required
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used to treat responsible infections, and corticosteroids are used to reduce the edema of the epiglottis
Bronchitis
- Symptoms include wet cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain
- Bronchitis can be acute or chronic
- Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection, while chronic bronchitis is caused by smoking, air pollution, and genetics
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Description
This quiz covers the common symptoms, diagnosis, and differentiation of laryngitis from other similar conditions. Learn about the vocal cord examination process and more.
