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Questions and Answers
Which structure is responsible for the production of voice?
Which structure is responsible for the production of voice?
At which cervical vertebrae does the larynx begin?
At which cervical vertebrae does the larynx begin?
Which cartilage is described as having a signet shape?
Which cartilage is described as having a signet shape?
What meets in the midline to form the Adam's apple?
What meets in the midline to form the Adam's apple?
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Which feature does the thyroid cartilage possess for muscle attachment?
Which feature does the thyroid cartilage possess for muscle attachment?
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What forms the vocal ligament in the larynx?
What forms the vocal ligament in the larynx?
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Which of the following boundaries is NOT located at the inlet of the larynx?
Which of the following boundaries is NOT located at the inlet of the larynx?
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Which structure is located below the inlet of the larynx?
Which structure is located below the inlet of the larynx?
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What is the name of the fissure between the vestibular folds?
What is the name of the fissure between the vestibular folds?
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Which of the following is part of the laryngeal cavity's structure?
Which of the following is part of the laryngeal cavity's structure?
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Which ligament connects the lower margin of the cricoid cartilage to the first ring of the trachea?
Which ligament connects the lower margin of the cricoid cartilage to the first ring of the trachea?
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What is the function of the thyrohyoid membrane?
What is the function of the thyrohyoid membrane?
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Which cartilage forms the vocal process in the larynx?
Which cartilage forms the vocal process in the larynx?
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Identify the cartilage that is attached to the epiglottis through the hyoepiglottic ligament.
Identify the cartilage that is attached to the epiglottis through the hyoepiglottic ligament.
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What is the role of the cricothyroid ligament in the larynx?
What is the role of the cricothyroid ligament in the larynx?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for adducting the vocal cords?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for adducting the vocal cords?
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Which membrane's lower margin forms the vestibular ligaments?
Which membrane's lower margin forms the vestibular ligaments?
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What does the median thyrohyoid ligament primarily attach?
What does the median thyrohyoid ligament primarily attach?
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What structure extends between the vocal folds above and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage below?
What structure extends between the vocal folds above and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage below?
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Which muscle is responsible for abducting the vocal cords?
Which muscle is responsible for abducting the vocal cords?
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What action is performed by the crico-thyroid muscle?
What action is performed by the crico-thyroid muscle?
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Which artery's superior laryngeal branch enters the larynx through the thyrohyoid membrane?
Which artery's superior laryngeal branch enters the larynx through the thyrohyoid membrane?
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The structure that covers the entrance to the larynx is called what?
The structure that covers the entrance to the larynx is called what?
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Which muscle is involved in closing the glottis?
Which muscle is involved in closing the glottis?
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What is the primary action of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle?
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Which structure marks the space between the true vocal cords?
Which structure marks the space between the true vocal cords?
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Which artery primarily supplies blood to the larynx?
Which artery primarily supplies blood to the larynx?
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What is the role of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the larynx?
What is the role of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the larynx?
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Which lymph nodes receive drainage from lymphatics located above the level of the vocal cords?
Which lymph nodes receive drainage from lymphatics located above the level of the vocal cords?
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Which of the following nerves provides sensory supply below the level of the vocal folds?
Which of the following nerves provides sensory supply below the level of the vocal folds?
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Which laryngeal nerve is responsible for supplying the cricothyroid muscle?
Which laryngeal nerve is responsible for supplying the cricothyroid muscle?
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What lymph nodes are associated with the drainage of the larynx below the level of the vocal cords?
What lymph nodes are associated with the drainage of the larynx below the level of the vocal cords?
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Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the blood supply of the larynx?
Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in the blood supply of the larynx?
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What type of innervation does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provide?
What type of innervation does the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve provide?
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Study Notes
Larynx Anatomy
- The larynx is a specialized structure involved in voice production.
- Located between the pharynx and trachea, it extends from the 6th cervical vertebrae to the inlet of the larynx.
- Situated opposite the 3rd, 4th, and 6th cervical vertebrae.
Cartilages of the Larynx
- The larynx's structure is supported by multiple cartilages:
- Epiglottis: A leaf-shaped cartilage that acts as a valve during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.
- Hyoid bone: A horseshoe-shaped bone that sits above the thyroid cartilage and helps support the tongue.
- Thyroid cartilage: Largest cartilage, forms the "Adam's apple." Two laminae meet at the midline, with an oblique line on the surface for muscle attachment.
- Cricoid cartilage: Ring-shaped cartilage located below the thyroid cartilage. It has a broad posterior lamina and a narrower anterior arch.
- Arytenoid cartilages: Two pyramid-shaped cartilages that sit on top of the cricoid cartilage. They have vocal processes that attach to the vocal ligaments, and muscular processes for muscle attachments.
Membranes and Ligaments of the Larynx
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Extrinsic Membranes and Ligaments:
- Thyrohyoid membrane: Connects the thyroid and hyoid bones, pierced by superior laryngeal vessels and the internal laryngeal nerve.
- Cricotracheal ligament: Connects the cricoid cartilage to the first tracheal ring.
- Hyoepiglottic ligament: Attaches the epiglottis to the hyoid bone.
- Thyroepiglottic ligament: Connects the epiglottis to the thyroid cartilage.
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Intrinsic Membranes and Ligaments:
- Quadrangular membrane: Forms the vestibular ligaments, which create the vestibular folds.
- Cricothyroid ligament (Cricovocal membrane): Forms the vocal ligaments (true vocal cords).
Cavity of the Larynx
- The cavity of the larynx is divided into three regions:
- Vestibule: The region between the inlet and the vestibular folds.
- Sinus of larynx: A recess on each side of the larynx between the vestibular and vocal folds, containing the saccule of larynx.
- Lower part: Extends from the vocal folds to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.
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Folds in the Cavity:
- Vestibular folds (false vocal cords): Upper pair of folds.
- Vocal folds (true vocal cords): Lower pair of folds, responsible for sound production.
Muscles of the Larynx
- Extrinsic Muscles: Move the larynx as a whole.
-
Intrinsic Muscles: Control the vocal cords, influencing pitch and volume of sound.
- Cricothyroid: Tenses the vocal cords.
- Posterior Cricoarytenoid: Abducts the vocal cords, allowing air passage.
- Lateral Cricoarytenoid: Adducts the vocal cords.
- Transverse Arytenoid: Adducts the vocal cords.
- Oblique Arytenoid: Adducts and rotates the arytenoids.
- Aryepiglottic: Helps close the larynx during swallowing.
- Thyroarytenoid: Relaxes the vocal cords.
- Thyroepiglottic: Helps close the larynx during swallowing.
Blood Supply of the Larynx
- Superior Thyroid Artery: Supplies the larynx via its superior laryngeal branch.
- Inferior Thyroid Artery: Supplies the larynx via its inferior laryngeal branch.
Lymphatic Drainage of the Larynx
- Above vocal cords: Drains to the upper deep cervical lymph nodes.
- Below vocal cords: Drains to the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, and lower deep cervical lymph nodes.
Nerve Supply of the Larynx
-
Motor:
- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid.
- External Laryngeal Nerve: Supplies the cricothyroid muscle.
-
Sensory:
- Internal Laryngeal Nerve: Supplies the larynx above the vocal folds.
- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Supplies the larynx below the vocal folds
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Description
Explore the intricate anatomy of the larynx, including its role in voice production and its location. Learn about the various cartilages that support this vital structure, such as the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage, each contributing to the function and protection of the airway.