Anatomy of the Larynx: 3D Model and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the laryngeal prominence commonly known as?

  • Thyroid angle
  • Laryngeal arch
  • Adam's apple (correct)
  • Cricothyroid ligament

    • In which vertebrae level can the cricoid cartilage be felt inferior to the laryngeal prominence?

  • L3
  • C4
  • T1
  • C6 (correct)

    • At what level are the vocal folds located in relation to the laryngeal prominence?

  • Below
  • Above
  • Adjacent to
  • At the level of (correct)

    • What is the site for a needle cricothyrotomy or coniotomy?

    <p>Cricothyroid ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to your fingertip as it passes over the arch of the cricoid cartilage?

    <p>It sinks in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure can be felt to recede on swallowing when palpating the neck?

    <p>Laryngeal prominence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery may arise from the arch of the aorta in approximately 10% of people?

    <p>Thyroid ima artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the superior thyroid veins drain into?

    <p>Internal jugular veins (IJVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure controls sound production in the larynx?

    <p>Vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main inspiratory sphincter of the larynx?

    <p>Vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protects the vocal folds and processes and forms the aperture between the vocal folds?

    <p>Rima glottidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space between the vestibular ligaments?

    <p>Rima vestibuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual sign of unilateral recurrent nerve injury during neck surgery?

    <p>Aphonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What usually results from bruising the recurrent laryngeal nerves during surgery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crossed by the right recurrent laryngeal nerve near the inferior pole of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents entry of air when tightly closed?

    <p>Vocal folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a narrow and wedge-shaped rima glottidis represent?

    <p>Ordinary breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encompasses two thick folds of mucous membrane enclosing vestibular ligaments?

    <p>Vestibular folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?

    <p>Superior to the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cricoid cartilage in cricothyrotomy?

    <p>It serves as an entry point into the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure covers the inferior part of the trachea in infants and children?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a surgical cricothyrotomy?

    <p>To establish an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the first tracheal cartilage and cricoid cartilage lie in relation to each other?

    <p>The first tracheal cartilage is superior to the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be encountered during a tracheostomy procedure in infants and children?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the inferior thyroid veins during a tracheostomy?

    <p>To provide blood supply to the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inserting a small tracheostomy tube into the trachea during a surgical cricothyrotomy?

    <p>To establish an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be encountered during a tracheostomy procedure in adults?

    <p>Inferior thyroid veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What artery supplies mainly the anterosuperior aspect of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Superior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the isthmus of the thyroid gland extend on either side of the midline?

    <p>Approximately 1.25 cm on either side of midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the left brachiocephalic vein, jugular venous arch, and pleurae lie in relation to a tracheostomy procedure?

    <p>Lie anterior to the trachea, especially in infants and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Laryngeal Structure and Function

    • Laryngeal prominence is commonly referred to as the "Adam's apple."
    • Cricoid cartilage can be palpated at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), just inferior to the laryngeal prominence.
    • Vocal folds are located at the level of the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae (C4-C6) in relation to the laryngeal prominence.

    Clinical Procedures and Considerations

    • Needle cricothyrotomy or coniotomy is performed at the midline of the neck, specifically through the cricothyroid membrane.
    • As a fingertip passes over the arch of the cricoid cartilage, it may feel the cartilage’s prominence and rigidity.
    • The structure that recedes upon swallowing during neck palpation is the thyroid gland.
    • Approximately 10% of people may have a left brachiocephalic artery arising from the arch of the aorta.

    Vascular Drainage and Control

    • Superior thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein.
    • The larynx produces sound through the vocal folds, which are controlled by intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
    • The main inspiratory sphincter of the larynx is the cricothyroid muscle.

    Vocal and Respiratory Protection

    • The epiglottis protects the vocal folds and forms an aperture between them during swallowing and breathing.
    • The space between the vestibular ligaments is known as the "ventricular space" or "saccule."
    • A usual sign of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is hoarseness of voice.

    Surgical Implications

    • Bruising of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during surgery can lead to vocal cord paralysis.
    • The right recurrent laryngeal nerve crosses beneath the inferior pole of the thyroid gland.
    • A tightly closed larynx prevents the entry of air during activities like holding breath.

    Glottic Aperture

    • A narrow and wedge-shaped rima glottidis, the opening between the vocal cords, signifies a reduced airway.
    • The vestibular folds encompass two thick mucous membrane folds enclosing the vestibular ligaments.
    • The isthmus of the thyroid gland lies anterior to the trachea, typically spanning from the second to fourth tracheal cartilages.

    Pediatric and Adult Considerations

    • In infants and children, the structure covering the inferior part of the trachea is the cricothyroid membrane.
    • The surgical cricothyrotomy allows for emergency airway access when intubation is difficult.
    • In relation to each other, the first tracheal cartilage is located superiorly to the cricoid cartilage.
    • During a tracheostomy in infants and children, there is a risk of encountering the inferior thyroid veins.
    • In adults, potential complications during a tracheostomy may include damage to surrounding structures, such as blood vessels and nerves.

    Vascular Supply

    • The superior thyroid artery primarily supplies the anterosuperior aspect of the thyroid gland.
    • The isthmus of the thyroid gland extends to either side of the midline, connecting the left and right lobes.
    • The left brachiocephalic vein, jugular venous arch, and pleurae are located posteriorly to the trachea during tracheostomy procedures.

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    Related Documents

    3D Model larynx.docx

    Description

    Explore the anatomy of the larynx and its functions with this 3D model. Learn about the laryngeal prominence, thyroid cartilage, vocal folds, and cricoid cartilage, and understand their palpable and visible characteristics.

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