Large Intestine Structure and Function
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Large Intestine Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What role does the large intestine play in the absorption of sodium?

  • Sodium absorption does not occur in the large intestine.
  • Sodium is actively absorbed followed by passive absorption of chloride. (correct)
  • Sodium is eliminated without absorption.
  • Sodium is absorbed osmotically dependent on water.

    • Which of the following best describes the mucosa of the large intestine?

  • Contains extensive villi to enhance absorption.
  • Lacks villi and has more goblet cells for mucus secretion. (correct)
  • Thinner mucosa with fewer goblet cells.
  • Only absorbs nutrients and not water.

    • What is the primary formation of fecal matter in the large intestine?

  • 400 ml of fluid is absorbed.
  • 450 ml enters daily and all is absorbed.
  • 200 ml of fluid is eliminated daily.
  • 350 ml of water is absorbed from 500 ml of fluid entering the colon. (correct)

    • What are haustra in the context of the large intestine?

    <p>Pouch-like sacs formed due to taeniae coli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component primarily serves the function of lubrication in the large intestine?

    <p>Goblet cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason water is absorbed in the large intestine?

    <p>Water follows sodium absorption passively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes taeniae coli from the circular smooth muscle layer in the large intestine?

    <p>Taeniae coli are bands of muscle shorter than the circular smooth muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much fluid is typically eliminated daily from the large intestine?

    <p>150 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the luminal surface of the large intestine?

    <p>Smooth with reduced absorptive capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of food residues are primarily delivered to the large intestine?

    <p>Indigestible food residues like cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principal components of the large intestine?

    <p>Cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine is known as the blind-ended pouch?

    <p>Cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much chyme does the colon typically receive per day from the small intestine?

    <p>500 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is formed when the terminal part of the colon straightens out?

    <p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type makes up the internal anal sphincter?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the large intestine primarily serve in digestion?

    <p>Water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature is associated with the structure of the colon?

    <p>Haustra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the gastrocolic reflex?

    <p>Regulating bowel movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key symptom associated with constipation?

    <p>Infrequent bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the absence of nerve cells in part of the large intestine?

    <p>Hirschsprung's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Large Intestine Structure

    • The large intestine consists of the colon, cecum, appendix, and rectum.
    • The cecum is a blind-ended pouch below the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine at the ileocecal valve.
    • The appendix is a finger-like projection at the bottom of the cecum containing lymphoid tissue.
    • The colon comprises most of the large intestine and consists of three straight portions: ascending, transverse, and descending colon.
    • The terminal part of the descending colon becomes S-shaped, forming the sigmoid colon.
    • The sigmoid colon straightens out to form the rectum.

    Large Intestine Role

    • The large intestine receives approximately 500 ml of chyme per day from the small intestine.
    • The major role of the large intestine is drying the intestinal contents and storage.
    • The large intestine absorbs water and salt.
    • Sodium is actively absorbed, and chloride passively follows. Water follows osmotically.
    • The large intestine forms firm fecal matter.

    Large Intestine Contents

    • The contents delivered to the large intestine include indigestible food residues (cellulose), unabsorbed biliary compounds, and some fluid.
    • The luminal surface of the large intestine is smooth and has a low absorptive capacity.

    Large Intestine Histology

    • The large intestine mucosa lacks villi and only absorbs water.
    • The mucosa of the large intestine is thicker.
    • Its crypts are deeper with more goblet cells, which secrete mucus for lubrication and protection from colon contents.

    Haustral Contractions

    • The outer longitudinal smooth muscle of the large intestine does not completely surround it.
    • It consists of three separate bands of muscle called taenia coli.
    • The taenia coli are shorter than the underlying circular smooth muscle layer, causing the large intestine to bunch up and form pouch-like sacs called haustra.

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    Large Intestine Lecture Notes Fall 2024 PDF

    Description

    Explore the structure and functions of the large intestine, including the colon, cecum, appendix, and rectum. Understand the role of the large intestine in absorbing water and salts, as well as its overall function in digestion and waste formation.

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