30 Questions
Which part of the large intestine does not have folds or villi?
Rectum
Which artery supplies the proximal ascending colon?
Right colic artery
Which part of the large intestine is innervated by sympathetic nerves from T6-T12 and L1-L3?
Transverse colon
Which part of the large intestine has many deep crypts and intestinal glands in its mucosa?
Descending colon
Which part of the large intestine has appendices epiploicae within the serosa?
Sigmoid colon
Which part of the large intestine lacks absorbent villi but has simple columnar epithelium with many goblet cells?
Ascending colon
Which of the following is a major anatomical component of the large intestine?
Appendix
What is the function of mucin in the large intestine?
Add mucus to convert undigested material into feces
What is the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the large intestine?
Parasympathetic nerves control submucosal blood flow
What is the main function of the large intestine in producing SCFA, Vitamin K, and Biotin?
Convert Undigested Material into Feces
Which reflex aids in moving material from the stomach into the large intestine?
Gastrocolic reflex
What is the main clinical feature of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
Persistent Diarrhea
What is the primary driver for water absorption in the large intestine?
Sodium absorption
Which type of movement in the large intestine involves simultaneous contraction of smooth muscle over large areas?
Mass action contraction
In which congenital disorder are ganglions absent in myenteric and submucosal plexuses in the distal colon?
Hirschsprung Disease
Which reflex allows for the passage of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine?
Gastroileal reflex
What is the function of mucin proteins secreted by the large intestine?
Create a mucus layer on epithelial cells
How does the Gastrocolic reflex in the large intestine respond to the presence of food in the stomach?
Stimulates large waves of peristalsis
What part of the large intestine is most prone to perforation?
Descending colon
Which ligaments provide support to the lower portion of the rectum?
Lateral ligament
What anatomical structure separates the rectum from the prostate and seminal vesicles or vagina?
Denonvilliers' fascia
If the fascia anterior to the rectum is defective, what condition can develop?
Rectocele
Which nerves innervate the rectum?
Parasympathetic nerves
What kind of muscle makes up the external anal sphincter?
Skeletal muscle
What initiates a reflex contraction of the rectal muscles during defecation?
Distention of the rectum
Which mechanism is responsible for the electroneutral absorption of NaCl in the intestines?
Exchange of Na+ for H+
What causes the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter during defecation?
Inhibitory signals from the sacral parasympathetic nervous system
What is the role of the external anal sphincter during defecation?
To relax voluntarily
Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the external anal sphincter during defecation?
Pudendal nerve
How is fecal continence maintained in the body?
Both sphincters are tonically active
This e-learning quiz provides an overview of the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the large intestine, including common diseases like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). It covers the major anatomical components, vessels supplying the large intestine, and related structures like the rectum and anal canal.
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