Language Teaching Approaches and Skills
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Questions and Answers

Receptive skills include writing and speaking.

False

The approach of teaching a language refers to the specific tasks conducted in the classroom.

False

Using a deductive approach involves providing rules before examples.

True

Fluency focuses exclusively on the correct formation of language.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acquisition is a conscious process of learning grammatical rules.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feedback must be specific, factual, and understood by the receiver.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lesson planning is unnecessary if the teacher is experienced.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Varying a lesson can include changing the topic and difficulty level.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Information Gap activities involve students receiving the same information.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behaviorism views language learning primarily through the influence of environmental factors.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authentic materials include items like textbook excerpts and classroom tests.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nativism asserts that language acquisition is solely a result of environmental stimuli.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pre-listening stage helps students activate prior knowledge and prepare for a listening task.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Critical Period refers to a time when language can easily be acquired, typically from birth to five years old.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the production stage, students rely heavily on the teacher's guidance.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Constructivism suggests that knowledge is built through social interactions and experiences.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the CEFR framework, C2 level is considered the lowest level of language proficiency.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main goal of listening activities includes the enhancement of vocabulary and comprehension.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The advantages of a communicative approach do not include real-life task simulation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning involves learning through reinforcement or punishment after certain behaviors.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Native speakers are generally more aware of grammatical challenges than non-native speakers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) describes tasks a learner can perform independently without guidance.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a theoretical concept that explains the brain's role in acquiring a first language.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Role-play simulation is a part of teaching speaking that promotes cultural awareness.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pre-speaking stage aims to develop learners' fluency in speaking immediately.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the while-reading stage, students focus on skimming the text to find the main ideas.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The post-speaking stage is centered around the initial performance without any feedback.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Email writing is only practiced at the C1 language level.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the while-writing stage, students concentrate on text composition based on their pre-established plan.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The objectives of reading instruction include improving vocabulary and comprehension.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reflection is not a component of the post-reading stage.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authentic materials used in teaching are often specifically targeted for educational purposes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extrinsic motivation arises from internal factors related to the learner's interest.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) emerged in the 1980s and is still used today.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Direct Method was primarily used during the 18th to 19th centuries.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Eclectic Approach in language teaching combines elements from various methodologies.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visualization is a teaching strategy that emphasizes verbal instructions over imagery.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teaching through a lexical approach focuses on grammatical structures over lexical units.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suggestopedia is an instructional method that aims to create a comfortable environment for adult learners.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) focuses solely on language proficiency without integrating subject knowledge.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) prioritizes the use of explicit grammar rules over meaningful tasks.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blended Learning integrates online learning components with traditional face-to-face instruction.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main goal of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is to achieve grammatical competence alone.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 4Cs framework in CLIL includes four key components for teaching language and content.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oral approach emphasizes the importance of reading and writing skills over speaking and listening.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Terminology

  • Listening: Decoding meaning from audio.
  • Speaking: Encoding thoughts into oral form.
  • Writing: Encoding thoughts into written form.
  • Reading: Decoding meaning from written text.
  • Receptive skills: Reading and listening.
  • Productive skills: Speaking and writing.
  • Approach: Theoretical framework for language teaching.
  • Method: Implementing the approach, (e.g., syllabus, progression).
  • Technique: Practical classroom activities/tasks (e.g., role-play).
  • Explicit teaching: Directly explaining grammar rules.
  • Implicit teaching: Students deduce rules from examples.
  • Accuracy vs. fluency: Balancing accuracy and natural language use.
  • Natural use of language: Communicating meaningfully within context.
  • Example - language practice: Communicative use of language.
  • Dialogs: Practice with grammatical structures, with specified control of choice.
  • Dialog question (wh- questions): Asking questions to choose right tense.
  • Acquisition: Subconscious, informal language learning.
  • Stable order of acquisition: Grammatical feel.
  • Implicit/explicit order: Depending on attitude.
  • Learning; Conscious & formal.
  • Grammatical rules used depend on aptitude.
  • Simple structures learned first, followed by complex ones.
  • Feedback: Specific, factual, descriptive, and constructive.

Lesson Planning

  • Types of planning: Long-term (semester/year) and short-term (per unit).
  • Planning considerations: Class characteristics, goals, and content.
  • Learning activities to create opportunities for cooperation, enjoyment, and talking time with students.
  • Evaluation criteria: Goals met, student activity level, motivation, eagerness, organization, and success, mistake awareness.

Strategy for Education Policy (CZ by 2030+3)

  • Reduce the overall volume of the curriculum to reduce information overload.
  • Focus on outcomes (what students accomplish) instead of covering all materials.

Modernised Curriculum Content

  • Aim: Creating coherent, modern curriculum content.
  • Creative activities and teamwork.
  • Critical thinking skills for linking science and mathematics.
  • Learning methods that go beyond school.
  • Aim : Prepare schools for transition to modernisation, including equipping.

Transforming Educational Content, Methods, and Assessment

  • Aim: Reforming education system to emphasize effective application of knowledge, use of digital tools and interdisciplinary approaches.
  • Prioritizing critical thinking, problem-solving.

Ensuring Equity and Access to Quality Education

  • Aim: Addressing socioeconomic disparities, fostering inclusion and equal access.

Supporting Teaching Staff

  • Aim: Enhance teacher effectiveness, reduce administrative burden, and provide resources to support educators.

Enhancing Professional Capacities, Trust, and Cooperation

  • Aim: Fostering collaboration to improve the overall quality of education between Institutions, teachers, students, parents, and broader community.

Increasing Funding and Ensuring Stability

  • Aim: Supporting the implementation of strategic goals relating to education and funding.

CEFR 3

  • Standardized framework for describing and assessing proficiency levels across languages.
  • Proficiency levels - Basic (A1, A2), Independent (B1, B2), and Proficient (C1, C2).

Competencies

  • Listening - understanding spoken language.
  • Reading - comprehending written text.
  • Speaking - effectively communicating, producing spoken text, interacting.
  • Writing - producing written texts.

Objectives

  • Promoting plurilingualism (using multiple languages).
  • Developing curriculum content.

Behavioralism, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Nativist

  • Association between stimulus and response; learning through environmental influence.
  • Controlled response with reward/punishment.
  • Innate capacity for language acquisition.

Monitor Model (5 hypotheses)

  • Learning through acquisition is more important than explicit learning.
  • Monitor: Learnt language is used as a self-editing tool (monitor).
  • Natural Order Hypothesis: Language elements are acquired in a predictable sequence.
  • Input Hypothesis: Learners acquire language when they are exposed to input slightly beyond their current level (I+1).
  • Affective Filter Hypothesis: Emotional factors affect the amount of input processed/acquired.

Neuroscience and ELT (Brain function)

  • Synapses: Communication points between neurons.
  • Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers.
  • Lateralization: Division of brain functions between hemispheres.

Language and Brain Functions

  • Different areas of the brain are responsible in decoding and producing language.
  • Left-temple cortex is responsible for spoken language.
  • Left side of the brain controls producing language and also processing language.

Laterality

  • Specialization of the brain hemispheres (left and right) and their associated functions.
  • Typically, the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and vice versa.

Dyslexia

  • Difficulties are observed in linguistic mechanisms, memory, and semantic-syntactic strategies in terms of reading and writing.
  • Focus in left hemisphere.

Bilingualism

  • How to support second language learning, without impacting first language skills.
  • Importance of the context when learning a second language.

Approaches and Methods in ELT

  • Strategies: Specific methods for addressing a problem.
  • Styles: Consistent ways of approaching tasks.
  • Processes: All people learn and engage in learning.
  • Learning Styles: Reflective & Intuitive, Field Dependent & Field Independent.

Teaching Methods

  • Grammar-translation: Focuses on translation, reading, and writing.
  • Audio-lingual: Based on behaviorism, using repetitive drills.
  • Direct method: Everyday situations and contexts as medium for teaching.
  • Situational teaching: Connecting grammar to practical uses.
  • Suggestopedia: Using environment and activities to enhance learning.
  • CLT (Communicative Language Teaching): Focus on communication.

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)

  • Learning through meaningful tasks, integrating grammar rules and vocabulary naturally.
  • Real-world application and problem-solving focus.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL)

  • Teaching a subject using a second language in a real-world setting.

Lexical Approach

  • Learning language through exploring vocabulary and lexical chunks.

Blended Learning

  • Combining in-person and online learning methods enhances flexibility and personalization.

Eclectic Approach

  • Combining elements of different methods (best parts of each).
  • Adapting methods based on learner needs, context and resources.

Communication, Cognition and Culture

  • Focuses on language use for communication, cognitive skills for understanding, and cultural awareness.

Teaching Listening

  • Warm-up, presentation, practice, production, wrap-up.
  • Active engagement, multi-sensory learning and realistic tasks.

Teaching Speaking

  • Pre-speaking stage, while-speaking stage, and post-speaking stage activities.
  • Activities include dialogues, role-plays, and discussions.

Teaching Reading

  • Pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading activities.
  • Skimming, scanning and inferring meaning from context.
  • Exploring vocabulary.

Teaching Writing

  • Pre-writing, while-writing, post-writing activities.
  • Focusing on effective communication, grammar and syntax.
  • Promoting creative expression in learners.

Teaching Vocabulary

  • Contextualization, repetition, categorization, visual aids, engaging practice.
  • Connecting vocabulary to personal contexts and interests.

Motivation in ELT

  • Internal drive to pursue and act on learning.
  • Extrinsic motivation (external factors) and Intrinsic motivation (internal factors).
  • Mechanisms: Desires, efforts, achievement, positive vs. negative feedback, long-term and short-term goals.

Learning Styles in elT

  • Grammatical-translation, Direct method, Audio-lingual method, Suggestopedia.
  • Communicative language teaching, Task-Based Language Teaching.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various language teaching methods, receptive skills, and theories of language acquisition. This quiz covers essential concepts such as behaviorism, authentic materials, and the importance of lesson planning. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these key aspects of language education.

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