Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is primarily measured in the context of enhancing interactions with children?
What is primarily measured in the context of enhancing interactions with children?
- Frequency of parent-child conversations
- How often children play outdoors
- The amount of time parents spend reading
- Time it takes to process words (correct)
What is a suggested method to enrich children's language environment during daily activities?
What is a suggested method to enrich children's language environment during daily activities?
- Conducting formal reading sessions
- Eliminating screen time
- Using everyday moments for conversations (correct)
- Restricting conversations to specific times
What critical view does linguist Michael Erard present regarding the word gap approach?
What critical view does linguist Michael Erard present regarding the word gap approach?
- It focuses too much on academic vocabulary
- It overlooks the need for emotional support
- It may lead to blaming parents (correct)
- It adequately prepares children for school
How does language skill measurement in kindergarten correlate with later academic performance?
How does language skill measurement in kindergarten correlate with later academic performance?
What is the main goal of programs addressing the word gap?
What is the main goal of programs addressing the word gap?
What term describes the dialogue exchanged between caregivers and children that aids in development?
What term describes the dialogue exchanged between caregivers and children that aids in development?
What is a key criticism regarding approaches to closing the word gap?
What is a key criticism regarding approaches to closing the word gap?
What is a suggested alternative focus to addressing the needs of students beyond the word gap?
What is a suggested alternative focus to addressing the needs of students beyond the word gap?
What role does feedback from recording devices play in child language development programs?
What role does feedback from recording devices play in child language development programs?
Which of the following does NOT align with promoting children's language development?
Which of the following does NOT align with promoting children's language development?
What was documented by Betty Hart and Todd Risley in the 1980s regarding language development?
What was documented by Betty Hart and Todd Risley in the 1980s regarding language development?
What was one of the concerns raised about the original research conducted by Hart and Risley?
What was one of the concerns raised about the original research conducted by Hart and Risley?
According to recent studies, which factor is more critical in predicting language skills in children?
According to recent studies, which factor is more critical in predicting language skills in children?
What does the term 'Broca's area activation' refer to in the context of the research findings?
What does the term 'Broca's area activation' refer to in the context of the research findings?
What significant finding was observed regarding language exposure by the age of 18 months?
What significant finding was observed regarding language exposure by the age of 18 months?
What technique was employed in more recent studies to address criticisms of previous findings about the word gap?
What technique was employed in more recent studies to address criticisms of previous findings about the word gap?
What key element was found to matter the most in conversational interactions with children?
What key element was found to matter the most in conversational interactions with children?
What outcome was observed regarding the speed of language processing in children?
What outcome was observed regarding the speed of language processing in children?
How much greater was the word exposure for higher-income children compared to lower-income children by age 4, according to the findings?
How much greater was the word exposure for higher-income children compared to lower-income children by age 4, according to the findings?
Which method was used to assess children's attention during language processing tasks?
Which method was used to assess children's attention during language processing tasks?
Flashcards
Word Gap
Word Gap
Difference in the amount of words children from different socioeconomic backgrounds hear
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
A measure of a family's social and economic position that influences factors like income and education.
Early Word Exposure
Early Word Exposure
The number of words a child hears up to a certain age.
Language Skill
Language Skill
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Higher-income children
Higher-income children
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Lower-income children
Lower-income children
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Conversational Terms
Conversational Terms
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Broca's Area Activation
Broca's Area Activation
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Looking while Listening Task
Looking while Listening Task
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Original Research Concerns
Original Research Concerns
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Measuring Time to Process Words
Measuring Time to Process Words
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Language Programs
Language Programs
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Home Visitors
Home Visitors
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Recording Devices
Recording Devices
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Goal Setting for Language
Goal Setting for Language
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Conversational Duet
Conversational Duet
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Parent-Blaming
Parent-Blaming
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Kindergarten Language Skills
Kindergarten Language Skills
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Enriching Language Environment
Enriching Language Environment
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Study Notes
Language Development: The Word Gap
- Researchers Betty Hart and Todd Risley documented a difference in word exposure between higher and lower socioeconomic status families.
- By age 4, higher-income children are exposed to 32 million more words.
- Word exposure predicts language skill.
Concerns about Original Research
- Estimates of the word gap are based on limited evidence.
- Researchers might influence participants differently, impacting results.
- Higher socioeconomic status families might be more eager to engage, potentially skewing results.
Criticisms and Recent Findings
- Studies use digital recording devices to track speech.
- Conversational terms are important predictors of language development, rather than the sheer quantity of words.
- Word gap effect is still observed, but somewhat smaller than originally estimated.
- Differences in interaction amount between socioeconomic status groups are significantly different from the age of 18 months.
- Variation in exposure continues even after adjusting for income.
- Speed of language processing is also affected by socioeconomic environment.
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