Word Forms, Tokens, and Lexemes
27 Questions
244 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

The average language speaker is estimated to know between 30,000 and 50,000 words.

False (B)

A mental lexicon serves as a storage area for words in the human brain.

True (A)

Words can be simply defined by being a group of letters followed by any character.

False (B)

Bauer identified five properties of words based on different theoretical frameworks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is consensus among linguists that the definition of 'word' is straightforward and universally accepted.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word 'word' can denote conceptually very different things.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Words are typically considered to have multiple main stresses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Words are not considered syntactic atoms in a sentence structure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dioecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The suffix -ly implies an action related to the word it modifies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lexeme refers to the physical occurrence of words in a sentence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Word forms are influenced by grammatical function.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lexical items must always have predictable meanings and do not require dictionary definitions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indonesian language has a stress system similar to English.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Words defined by morphologists are seen solely as a string of letters.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Word tokens refer to unique words used only once in a sentence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word 'went' is a word form of the lexeme 'go'.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lexical items are predictable and do not require dictionary listings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main stress of a word is an aspect not necessary in the definition of words.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'lexeme' refers to a specific word form used in a sentence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phrasal verbs like 'look forward' fall under the category of lexical items.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Idioms must always be defined in dictionaries due to their predictability.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word 'dioecious' is considered a lexical item with predictable meaning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'word type' includes repeated words in a sentence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lexeme 'GREEN' has two word forms: green and greener.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All words must have a defined meaning to exist within a language.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fixed figurative expressions are a subset of lexical items.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mental Lexicon

A mental storehouse where words are kept in the mind.

Word Form

A specific written or spoken form of a word. For instance, 'run' (verb) and 'runs' (verb) are two different word forms of the same lexeme.

Word Token

An occurrence of a specific word form in a text or speech. For instance, the word 'run' appears twice in the sentence 'He ran quickly, but he couldn't run far'.

Lexeme

A basic unit of meaning that encompasses different word forms. For instance, 'run' (present tense) and 'ran' (past tense) are both forms of the same lexeme.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Morphology

The study of word structure and how words are formed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Semantics

The study of the meaning of words.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Syntax

The study of sentence structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phonology

The sound structure of a word. It analyzes how sounds are arranged in a word.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Predictable Word

A word that has a predictable meaning based on its base form and suffixes, often derived from a root word. Such words don't needdictionary entries because their meaning can be inferred.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lexical Item

Units of language with unpredictable meanings. These words are often unique and require dictionary entries because their meaning cannot be easily deduced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Word (Linguistic Definition)

Words are basic units of language that have unpredictable meanings and are used to build phrases and sentences. They must be listed in dictionaries because their meanings cannot be deduced from their parts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phonetics

A set of rules that govern the pronunciation of words in a language.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stop Consonant

A sound that is made by a blockage of air in the vocal tract, and then releasing it suddenly. This creates a short burst of sound. Examples include 'p', 't', and 'k'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nasal Consonant

A sound that is made by vibrating the vocal cords when air is pushed through the mouth and nose. Examples include 'm', 'n', and 'ng'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fricative Consonant

A sound that is made by allowing air to flow through the mouth freely, creating a continuous sound. Examples include 'f', 's', and 'th'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Voiced Stop Consonant

A sound that is made by stopping the air completely and then releasing it slowly. Examples include 'b', 'd', and 'g'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unvoiced Stop Consonant

A sound that is made by stopping the air completely and then releasing it quickly. Examples include 'p', 't', and 'k'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Voiced Fricative Consonant

A sound that is made by positioning the tongue in such a way that it partially blocks the flow of air, causing a buzzing sound. Examples include 'v', 'z', and 'th' (as in 'this').

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unvoiced Fricative Consonant

A sound that is made by positioning the tongue in such a way that it partially blocks the flow of air, creating a hissing sound. Examples include 'f', 's', and 'th' (as in 'thin').

Signup and view all the flashcards

Approximant Consonant

A sound that is made by vibrating the vocal cords and allowing air to flow freely through the mouth. Examples include 'l', 'r', and 'w'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Word Forms, Tokens, and Lexemes

  • Word: Familiar language terms, potentially problematic to define precisely. Different definitions exist—a string of letters with spaces, parts of sentences, or multifaceted entity.

  • Word Form: A word's phonological/orthographic shape. (Example: "go", "went", "gone")

    • Marked by italics.
    • Refers to a specific form of a lexeme, regardless of meaning.

  • Word Token: The occurrence of a word in a text.

    • Counts each instance of a word, even if identical.
    • Example: The word "to" appears as a token multiple times in a sentence.

  • Lexeme: An abstract concept encompassing word forms with similar meaning.

    • Represented in small capitals (e.g., GO)
    • Includes different grammatical forms of the same word (Example: "go," "went").

Lexical Items

  • Lexical Item: A broader concept than a lexeme.

    • Includes unpredictable words needing dictionary definition (lexemes).
    • Often contains idiomatic expressions, phrasal verbs, fixed figurative expressions, and proverbs.

  • Predictable words: Some words have predictable meanings based on known suffixes or prefixes, and thus, are not listed as separate lexical items in dictionaries.

Example Sentence Analysis

  • Example sentence: "Mary went to England last week and she is going to Japan next week."

    • Consists of numerous word tokens.
    • "To" and "week" appear multiple times, hence, those tokens.

  • LEXEME: GO

  • WORD FORMS: go, went, gone, going, goes

  • LEXEME: GREEN

  • WORD FORMS: green, greener, greenest

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the concepts of word forms, tokens, and lexemes in this quiz. Understand the differences between these terms and how they relate to language structure. Test your knowledge on lexical items and their definitions.

More Like This

Class 9 ICSE Practice Quiz: Vocabulary, Grammar Rules, Word Forms, and Sentence Completion
10 questions

9th ICSE Quiz: Practice Vocabulary, Grammar and Sentence Completion

GuiltlessBildungsroman2958 avatar
GuiltlessBildungsroman2958
Understanding Word Meanings and Forms
29 questions

Understanding Word Meanings and Forms

RaptOganesson avatar
RaptOganesson
Word Forms in English Grammar
6 questions

Word Forms in English Grammar

CooperativeEinsteinium avatar
CooperativeEinsteinium
Word Forms Quiz 2012 part1
10 questions

Word Forms Quiz 2012 part1

MagicalTan avatar
MagicalTan
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser