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Which skill emerges first in infants, vocalization or language comprehension?
How do infants who cannot hear engage in babbling?
What role does exposure to sounds of a particular language play in babbling in infants?
What is prelinguistic communication in infants?
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In the context of linguistic production, what precedes production?
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How do comprehension and production skills compare throughout infancy?
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What type of speech involves leaving out words that are not critical to the message?
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At what age do children typically start creating two-word phrases according to the text?
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Which infants are more likely to use nouns initially based on the text?
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What type of sentences are often seen in children's imitation of sentences showing a decline in telegraphic speech?
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Which language-speaking infants use more verbs than nouns according to the text?
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Around what age did Speaker Darden start using the phrase 'Not go bed'?
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What is a holophrase in the context of language development?
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How does the vocabulary of infants typically progress from 15 to 18 months?
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What did the study mentioned in the text reveal about English-speaking infants' first words compared to Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants?
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What are areas of the brain activated during speech and hand gestures according to Figure 5-5?
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When does the language explosion typically occur in infants according to the text?
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What does the text suggest about the relationship between culture and the first words spoken by infants?
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What are some similarities between speakers of English and Spanish mentioned in the text?
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How does infant-directed speech change around the end of the first year according to the text?
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In what way does infant-directed speech contribute to language acquisition according to the text?
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What is mentioned as a difference in the quantity of speech in the text?
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By what age do female children hear twice as many diminutives as males, according to the text?
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Why do parents with hearing loss use sign language at a slower tempo?
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What role does pitch play in infant-directed speech according to the text?
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Study Notes
Language Development in Infants
- Vocalization emerges before language comprehension in infants.
Prelinguistic Communication
- Prelinguistic communication in infants involves the use of cooing, babbling, and making other sounds to communicate.
Babbling
- Infants who cannot hear still engage in babbling, but they may use hand gestures or other means to communicate.
- Exposure to the sounds of a particular language plays a significant role in shaping an infant's babbling.
- Infants typically start babbling around 6 months and begin to make sounds that resemble the language they are exposed to.
Linguistic Production
- Comprehension precedes production in linguistic development.
- Infants typically start creating two-word phrases around 18-24 months.
Language Acquisition
- Infants from certain cultures, such as those speaking Mandarin Chinese, are more likely to use nouns initially.
- English-speaking infants tend to use more nouns than verbs, while Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants use more verbs than nouns.
- The vocabulary of infants typically progresses from simple words like "mama" and "dada" to more complex words around 15-18 months.
- A study revealed that English-speaking infants' first words are more likely to be nouns, while Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants' first words are more likely to be verbs.
Language Development Milestones
- The language explosion typically occurs around 18-24 months in infants.
- Around this age, infants start using holophrases, which are single words that convey a complete thought or message.
Brain Development and Language
- Areas of the brain activated during speech and hand gestures include Broca's area and Wernicke's area.
Infant-Directed Speech
- Infant-directed speech is a style of speaking used by caregivers to communicate with infants, characterized by a higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation.
- Infant-directed speech changes around the end of the first year, becoming more complex and using more adult-like language.
- Infant-directed speech contributes to language acquisition by providing infants with a model for language and encouraging them to learn.
Cultural Influences on Language Development
- The text suggests that culture plays a role in shaping the first words spoken by infants, with infants from different cultures using different types of words.
- There are similarities between speakers of English and Spanish, such as the use of nouns and verbs in early language development.
Parent-Infant Interaction
- Parents with hearing loss may use sign language at a slower tempo to communicate with their infants.
- Female children hear twice as many diminutives (terms of endearment) as males by around 18 months.
- Pitch plays a significant role in infant-directed speech, with caregivers using a higher pitch to communicate with infants.
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Description
Explore the differences in language development between North American English-speaking infants and Chinese Mandarin-speaking infants. Learn when two-word phrases typically emerge and how they indicate understanding of labels and relationships in language.
