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Questions and Answers
Which skill emerges first in infants, vocalization or language comprehension?
Which skill emerges first in infants, vocalization or language comprehension?
- Both emerge simultaneously
- Language comprehension (correct)
- Neither emerges in infancy
- Vocalization
How do infants who cannot hear engage in babbling?
How do infants who cannot hear engage in babbling?
- They do not engage in babbling
- They imitate sounds they see
- They rely solely on gestures for communication
- They have their own form of babbling (correct)
What role does exposure to sounds of a particular language play in babbling in infants?
What role does exposure to sounds of a particular language play in babbling in infants?
- Does not influence babbling at all
- Initially does not influence babbling but later makes a difference (correct)
- Has no effect on infants' communication skills
- Influences babbling from the beginning
What is prelinguistic communication in infants?
What is prelinguistic communication in infants?
In the context of linguistic production, what precedes production?
In the context of linguistic production, what precedes production?
How do comprehension and production skills compare throughout infancy?
How do comprehension and production skills compare throughout infancy?
What type of speech involves leaving out words that are not critical to the message?
What type of speech involves leaving out words that are not critical to the message?
At what age do children typically start creating two-word phrases according to the text?
At what age do children typically start creating two-word phrases according to the text?
Which infants are more likely to use nouns initially based on the text?
Which infants are more likely to use nouns initially based on the text?
What type of sentences are often seen in children's imitation of sentences showing a decline in telegraphic speech?
What type of sentences are often seen in children's imitation of sentences showing a decline in telegraphic speech?
Which language-speaking infants use more verbs than nouns according to the text?
Which language-speaking infants use more verbs than nouns according to the text?
Around what age did Speaker Darden start using the phrase 'Not go bed'?
Around what age did Speaker Darden start using the phrase 'Not go bed'?
What is a holophrase in the context of language development?
What is a holophrase in the context of language development?
How does the vocabulary of infants typically progress from 15 to 18 months?
How does the vocabulary of infants typically progress from 15 to 18 months?
What did the study mentioned in the text reveal about English-speaking infants' first words compared to Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants?
What did the study mentioned in the text reveal about English-speaking infants' first words compared to Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants?
What are areas of the brain activated during speech and hand gestures according to Figure 5-5?
What are areas of the brain activated during speech and hand gestures according to Figure 5-5?
When does the language explosion typically occur in infants according to the text?
When does the language explosion typically occur in infants according to the text?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between culture and the first words spoken by infants?
What does the text suggest about the relationship between culture and the first words spoken by infants?
What are some similarities between speakers of English and Spanish mentioned in the text?
What are some similarities between speakers of English and Spanish mentioned in the text?
How does infant-directed speech change around the end of the first year according to the text?
How does infant-directed speech change around the end of the first year according to the text?
In what way does infant-directed speech contribute to language acquisition according to the text?
In what way does infant-directed speech contribute to language acquisition according to the text?
What is mentioned as a difference in the quantity of speech in the text?
What is mentioned as a difference in the quantity of speech in the text?
By what age do female children hear twice as many diminutives as males, according to the text?
By what age do female children hear twice as many diminutives as males, according to the text?
Why do parents with hearing loss use sign language at a slower tempo?
Why do parents with hearing loss use sign language at a slower tempo?
What role does pitch play in infant-directed speech according to the text?
What role does pitch play in infant-directed speech according to the text?
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Study Notes
Language Development in Infants
- Vocalization emerges before language comprehension in infants.
Prelinguistic Communication
- Prelinguistic communication in infants involves the use of cooing, babbling, and making other sounds to communicate.
Babbling
- Infants who cannot hear still engage in babbling, but they may use hand gestures or other means to communicate.
- Exposure to the sounds of a particular language plays a significant role in shaping an infant's babbling.
- Infants typically start babbling around 6 months and begin to make sounds that resemble the language they are exposed to.
Linguistic Production
- Comprehension precedes production in linguistic development.
- Infants typically start creating two-word phrases around 18-24 months.
Language Acquisition
- Infants from certain cultures, such as those speaking Mandarin Chinese, are more likely to use nouns initially.
- English-speaking infants tend to use more nouns than verbs, while Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants use more verbs than nouns.
- The vocabulary of infants typically progresses from simple words like "mama" and "dada" to more complex words around 15-18 months.
- A study revealed that English-speaking infants' first words are more likely to be nouns, while Cantonese and Putonghua-speaking infants' first words are more likely to be verbs.
Language Development Milestones
- The language explosion typically occurs around 18-24 months in infants.
- Around this age, infants start using holophrases, which are single words that convey a complete thought or message.
Brain Development and Language
- Areas of the brain activated during speech and hand gestures include Broca's area and Wernicke's area.
Infant-Directed Speech
- Infant-directed speech is a style of speaking used by caregivers to communicate with infants, characterized by a higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation.
- Infant-directed speech changes around the end of the first year, becoming more complex and using more adult-like language.
- Infant-directed speech contributes to language acquisition by providing infants with a model for language and encouraging them to learn.
Cultural Influences on Language Development
- The text suggests that culture plays a role in shaping the first words spoken by infants, with infants from different cultures using different types of words.
- There are similarities between speakers of English and Spanish, such as the use of nouns and verbs in early language development.
Parent-Infant Interaction
- Parents with hearing loss may use sign language at a slower tempo to communicate with their infants.
- Female children hear twice as many diminutives (terms of endearment) as males by around 18 months.
- Pitch plays a significant role in infant-directed speech, with caregivers using a higher pitch to communicate with infants.
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